Editing History of the Philippines (section)

===Initial recorded history===
During the period of the south Indian [[Pallava dynasty]] and the north Indian [[Gupta Empire]], Indian culture spread to Southeast Asia and the Philippines that led to the establishment of [[Indianized kingdom]]s.<ref>Philippine Journal of Linguistics – 23 – p. 67</ref><ref>The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History by Richard Bulliet, Pamela Crossley, Daniel Headrick, Steven Hirsch, Lyman Johnson p.186</ref>

The date inscribed in the oldest Philippine document found so far, the [[Laguna Copperplate Inscription]], is 900 CE. From the details of the document, written in [[Kawi script]], the bearer of a debt, Namwaran, along with his children Lady Angkatan and Bukah, are cleared of a debt by the ruler of [[Tondo (historical polity)|Tondo]]. It is the earliest document that shows the use of mathematics in precolonial Philippine societies. A standard system of weights and measures is demonstrated by the use of precise measurement for gold, and familiarity with rudimentary astronomy is shown by fixing the precise day within the month in relation to the phases of the moon.<ref name="manapat">{{cite web| url = http://www.philippinestudies.net/files/journals/1/articles/3360/public/3360-4866-1-PB.pdf| title = Mathematical Ideas in Early Philippine Society| access-date = December 27, 2019| archive-date = August 19, 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190819022906/http://www.philippinestudies.net/files/journals/1/articles/3360/public/3360-4866-1-PB.pdf| url-status = live}}</ref> From the various [[Sanskrit]] terms and titles seen in the document, the culture and society of Manila Bay was that of a [[Hindu]]–[[Old Malay]] amalgamation, similar to the cultures of [[Java]], [[Peninsular Malaysia]] and [[Sumatra]] at the time.

There are no other significant documents from this period of precolonial Philippine society and culture until the [[Doctrina Christiana]] of the late 16th century, written at the start of the Spanish period in both native [[Baybayin]] script and Spanish. Other artifacts with Kawi script and baybayin were found, such as an Ivory seal from [[Butuan]] dated to the early 10th–14th centuries<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gallop|first1=Annabel|date=2016|title=The Early Use of Seals in the Malay World|journal=Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient|volume=102|pages=125–164|doi=10.3406/befeo.2016.6233|jstor=26435124}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Butuan Ivory Seal|url=https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Archaeo/Seal.html|date=February 10, 2015|website=National Museum of the Philippines|access-date=May 21, 2020|archive-date=November 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119091932/http://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Archaeo/Seal.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[Calatagan]] pot with baybayin inscription, dated to not later than early 16th century.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Guillermo|first1=Ramon|last2=Paluga|first2=Myfel Joseph|date=2011|title=Barang king banga: A Visayan language reading of the Calatagan pot inscription (CPI)|doi=10.1017/S0022463410000561|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies|volume=42|issue=1|pages=121–159|s2cid=162984793|via=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>

[[File:Naturales 4.png|thumb|upright|A [[Boxer Codex]] image illustrating the 1590's early Spanish colonial period Tagalog ''[[Maginoo]]'' (noble class).]]
In the years leading up to 1000, there were already several maritime societies existing in the islands but there was no unifying political [[Sovereign state|state]] encompassing the entire Philippine archipelago. Instead, the region was dotted by numerous semi-autonomous ''[[Barangay state|barangay]]s'' (settlements ranging in size from villages to city-states) under the sovereignty of competing [[thalassocracy|thalassocracies]] ruled by [[datu]]s, wangs, [[rajah]]s, [[sultan]]s or [[lakan]]s.<ref>Philippine History by Maria Christine N. Halili. "Chapter 3: Precolonial Philippines" (Published by Rex Bookstore; Manila, Sampaloc St. Year 2004)</ref> or by upland agricultural societies ruled by "petty plutocrats". A number of states existed alongside the highland societies of the [[Ifugao]] and [[Mangyan]].<ref>[http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/directory/sumita/5A-161/volume05.html Volume 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010145223/http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/directory/sumita/5A-161/volume05.html |date=October 10, 2017 }} of A study of the Eastern and Western Oceans ({{langx|ja|[http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/directory/sumita/5A-161/ 東西洋考]}}) mentions that Luzon first sent tribute to Yongle Emperor in 1406.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://akeanon.com/index.php?Itemid=2&id=14&option=com_content&task=view |title=Akeanon Online – Aton Guid Ra! – Aklan History Part 3 – Confederation of Madyaas |publisher=Akeanon.com |date=March 27, 2008 |access-date=January 2, 2010 |archive-date=January 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126091128/http://akeanon.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These included:
*[[Maynila (historical polity)|Kingdom of Maynila]]
*[[Tondo (historical polity)|Tondo]]
*[[Namayan]]
*[[Cainta (historical polity)|Cainta]]
*[[Kumintang (historical polity)|Kumintang]]
*the Kingdom of Taytay in [[Palawan]] (mentioned by [[Antonio Pigafetta]] to be where they resupplied when the remaining ships escaped [[Cebu]] after Magellan was slain)
*the Chieftaincy of [[Coron Island]] ruled by fierce warriors called [[Tagbanwa people|Tagbanua]] as reported by Spanish missionaries mentioned by Nilo S. Ocampo,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYQeAAAAMAAJ|title=Katutubo, Muslim, Kristyano|publisher=Salazar at Mendoza-Urban|year=1985}}</ref> 
*[[Pangasinan (historical polity)|Pangasinan]]
*[[Caboloan]]
*[[Ma-i]] and its vassal-states of [[Sandao]] and [[Pulilu]]
*[[Madja-as]]
*
*[[Bo-ol]]
*the Hindu kingdoms of [[Sanmalan]], [[Rajahnate of Butuan|Butuan]], and [[Rajahnate of Cebu|Cebu]] 
*the sultanates of [[Sultanate of Buayan|Buayan]], [[Sultanate of Maguindanao|Maguindanao]], [[Confederate States of Lanao|Lanao]], and [[Sulu Sultanate|Sulu]]

Some of these regions were part of the Malayan empires of [[Srivijaya]], [[Majapahit]] and [[Bruneian Empire|Brunei]].{{sfn|Munoz|2006|p=171}}<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2700.htm Background Note: Brunei Darussalam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604183451/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2700.htm |date=June 4, 2019 }}, U.S. State Department.</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213135409/http://www.mangyan.org/tribal/index.html|publisher=Mangyan Heritage Center|url=http://www.mangyan.org/tribal/index.html|archive-date=February 13, 2008|title=Introduction|access-date=November 15, 2010}}</ref>