Editing History of the European Union (section)

===From World War I to World War II===
[[File:Former Flag of the International Paneuropean Union.svg|thumb|1922 [[European flag]] of the [[Paneuropean Union]]]]
[[File:Aristide Briand.png|thumb|upright=.8|[[Aristide Briand]]]]
During the [[interwar period]], the consciousness that national markets in Europe were interdependent though confrontational, along with the observation of a larger and growing US market on the other side of the ocean, nourished the urge for the economic integration of the continent.{{sfn|Kaiser|Varsori|2010|p=140}} In 1920, advocating the creation of a European [[economic union]], the British economist [[John Maynard Keynes]] wrote that "a Free Trade Union should be established ... to impose no protectionist tariffs whatever against the produce of other members of the Union."<ref>John Maynard Keynes, ''Economic Consequences of the Peace'', New York: Harcourt, Brace & Howe, 1920, pp. 265–66.</ref> During the same decade, the [[Austrians|Austrian]] [[Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi]], in light of the dissolution of the [[Habsburg Empire]], imagined as one of the first modern political unions of Europe, founded the [[Paneuropean Union|Pan-Europa Movement]].<ref>{{citation |last=Rosamond |first=Ben |year=2000 |title=Theories of European Integration |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |oclc=442641648 |pages=21–22}}</ref> His ideas influenced his contemporaries, among whom was then-[[Prime Minister of France]] [[Aristide Briand]]. As French prime minister, [[List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates|Nobel Peace Prize laureate]] for the [[Locarno Treaties]] and follower of the Paneuropean Union Aristide Briand delivered a widely recognized speech at the [[League of Nations]], the precursor of the [[United Nations]],<ref>{{citation |editor1-last=Weigall |editor1-first=David |editor2-last=Stirk |editor2-first=Peter M. R. |year=1992 |title=The Origins and Development of the European Community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_he0AAAAIAAJ |location=Leicester |publisher=Leicester University Press |isbn=9780718514280 |pages=11–15}}</ref> in [[Geneva]] on 5 September 1929 for a [[federal Europe]] to secure Europe and settle the historic [[Franco-German enmity]].<ref name="Schulz 2010 g046">{{cite web | last=Schulz | first=Matthias | title=Der Briand-Plan und der Völkerbund als Verhandlungsarena für die europäische Einigung zwischen den Kriegen | publisher=IEG(http://www.ieg-mainz.de) | date=December 3, 2010 | url=http://ieg-ego.eu/de/threads/europaeische-netzwerke/politische-netzwerke/europa-netzwerke-der-zwischenkriegszeit/matthias-schulz-briand-plan-und-voelkerbund-in-der-zwischenkriegszeit | language=de | access-date=November 16, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Nelsson 2019 n549">{{cite web | last=Nelsson | first=Richard | title=Aristide Briand's plan for a United States of Europe | website=the Guardian | date=September 5, 2019 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2019/sep/05/aristide-briands-plan-for-united-states-of-europe-september-9 | access-date=November 16, 2023}}</ref>