Editing History of Poland (section)

===Fragmentation===

After Bolesław III divided Poland among his sons in his [[Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth|Testament of 1138]],<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/> [[feudal fragmentation|internal fragmentation]] eroded the Piast monarchical structures in the 12th and 13th centuries. In 1180, [[Casimir II the Just]], who sought papal confirmation of his status as a [[Seniorate Province|senior duke]], granted immunities and additional privileges to the Polish Church at the Congress of [[Łęczyca]].<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/> Around 1220, [[Wincenty Kadłubek]] wrote his ''[[Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae]]'', another major source for early Polish history.<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/> In 1226, one of the regional Piast dukes, [[Konrad I of Masovia]], invited the [[Teutonic Order|Teutonic Knights]] to help him fight the [[Balts|Baltic]] [[Old Prussians|Prussian]] pagans.<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/> The Teutonic Order destroyed the Prussians but kept their lands, which resulted in centuries of warfare between Poland and the Teutonic Knights, and later between Poland and the [[Duchy of Prussia|German Prussian state]]. The [[first Mongol invasion of Poland]] began in 1240; it culminated in the defeat of Polish and allied Christian forces and the death of the [[Silesian Piasts|Silesian Piast]] Duke [[Henry II the Pious]] at the [[Battle of Legnica]] in 1241.<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/> In 1242, [[Wrocław]] became the first Polish municipality to be [[German town law|incorporated]],<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/> as the period of fragmentation brought economic development and growth of towns. New cities were founded and existing settlements were granted town status per [[Magdeburg rights|Magdeburg Law]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Archäologie der westlichen Slawen: Siedlung, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im früh- und hochmittelalterlichen Ostmitteleuropa|author=Sebastian Brather|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2008|pages=87|language=de}}</ref> In 1264, [[Bolesław the Pious]] granted [[history of the Jews in Poland|Jewish liberties]] in the [[Statute of Kalisz]].<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/><ref name="Wyrozumski 104-137">{{Harvnb|Wyrozumski|1986|pp=104–137}}.</ref>