Editing History of Korea (section)

===Gojoseon===
{{See also|Dangun|Gija Joseon|Wiman Joseon}}

[[Gojoseon]] was the first [[Korea]]n kingdom, located in the north of the peninsula and Manchuria, later alongside the state of [[Jin (Korean state)|Jin]] in the south of the peninsula.

The founding legend of Gojoseon, which is recorded in the ''[[Samguk yusa]]'' (1281) and other medieval Korean books,<ref>See also ''[[Jewang Ungi]]'' (1287) and ''[[Tongguk t'onggam]]'' (1485).</ref> states that the country was established in 2333 BC by [[Dangun]], said to be descended from heaven.{{sfn|Hwang|2010|p=2}} While no evidence has been found that supports whatever facts may lie beneath this,{{sfn|Connor|2002|p=10}}<ref name="Gojoseon">
*{{harvnb|Seth|2010|p=443}}: "An extreme manifestation of nationalism and the family cult was the revival of interest in Tangun, the mythical founder of the first Korean state... Most textbooks and professional historians, however, treat him as a myth."
*{{harvnb|Stark|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=z4_bT2SJ-HUC&pg=PA49 49]}}: "Although Kija may have truly existed as a historical figure, Tangun is more problematical."
*{{harvnb|Schmid|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=lVgaAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA269 270]}}: "Most [Korean historians] treat the [Tangun] myth as a later creation."
*{{harvnb|Peterson|Margulies|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ByIo1D9RY40C&pg=PA5 5]}}: "The Tangun myth became more popular with groups that wanted Korea to be independent; the Kija myth was more useful to those who wanted to show that Korea had a strong affinity to China."
*{{harvnb|Hulbert|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=WdusAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 73]}}: "If a choice is to be made between them, one is faced with the fact that the Tangun, with his supernatural origin, is more clearly a mythological figure than Kija."</ref> the account has played an important role in developing Korean national identity.

In the 12th century BC, [[Jizi|Gija]], a prince from the [[Shang dynasty]] of China, purportedly founded [[Gija Joseon]]. In pre-modern Korea, Gija represented the authenticating presence of Chinese civilization, and until the 20th century, Koreans commonly believed that Dangun bestowed upon Korea its people and basic culture, while Gija gave Korea its high culture—and presumably, standing as a legitimate civilization.<ref>Kyung Moon hwang, "[[A History of Korea: An Episodic Narrative]]", 2010, p. 4</ref> However, due to contradicting historical and archaeological evidence, its existence was challenged in the 20th century, and today no longer forms the mainstream understanding of this period.

The historical Gojoseon kingdom was first mentioned in the Chinese record in a text called ''[[Guanzi (text)|Guanzi]]''.<ref name=han'guk/><ref name="naver1"/>{{sfn|Peterson|Margulies|2009|p=6}} By about the 4th century BC, Gojoseon had developed to the point where its existence was well known in China,{{sfn|Eckert|Lee|1990|p=11}}{{sfn|Lee, Ki-baik|1984|p=14}} and around this time, its capital moved to [[Pyongyang]].<ref>{{in lang|ko}} [http://enc.daum.net/dic100/contents.do?query1=b01g4157b001 Gojoseon territory] [[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]</ref><ref>[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/eak/ht04eak.htm Timeline of Art and History, Korea, 1000 BC-1 AD] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207003037/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/eak/ht04eak.htm |date=2010-02-07 }}, Metropolitan Museum of Art</ref>

In 194 BC, the King of Gojoseon was overthrown by [[Wiman of Gojoseon|Wi Man]] (also known as Wei Man), a Korean-Chinese refugee from the [[Yan Kingdom (Han dynasty)|Han vassal state of Yan]]. Wi Man then established [[Wiman Joseon]].<ref>Academy of Korean Studies, ''The Review of Korean Studies'', vol. 10권,3–4, 2007, p. 222</ref><ref>Lee Injae, Owen Miller, Park Jinhoon, Yi Hyun-Hae, ''Korean History in Maps'', Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 20</ref>

In 128 BC, Nan Lü (南閭), a leader of Ye who was receiving pressure from [[Wiman Joseon]], surrendered to the [[Han dynasty]] and became the [[Canghai Commandery]].<ref>[http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=562808&cid=46620&categoryId=46620 창해군] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231104553/https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=562808&cid=46620&categoryId=46620 |date=2022-12-31 }} [[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0011883|script-title=ko:남려|website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]}}</ref>