Editing History of Esperanto (section)

== Dialects, reform projects and derived languages ==
{{see also|Esperantido}}

Esperanto has not fragmented into regional [[dialect]]s through natural language use. This may be because it is the language of daily communication for only a small minority of its speakers. However at least three other factors work against dialects, namely the centripetal force of the Fundamento, the unifying influence of the Plena Vortaro and its successors, which exemplified usage from the works of Zamenhof and leading writers, and the transnational ambitions of the speech community itself. Slang and [[jargon]] have developed to some extent, but such features interfere with universal communication – the whole point of Esperanto – and so have generally been avoided.

However, in the early twentieth century numerous reform projects were proposed. Almost all of these [[Esperantido]]s were stillborn, but the very first, [[Ido]] ("offspring"), had significant success for several years. Ido was proposed by the [[Delegation for the Adoption of an International Auxiliary Language]] in Paris in October 1907. Its main reforms were in bringing the [[alphabet]], [[semantics]], and some [[Grammar|grammatical]] features into closer alignment with the [[Romance languages]], as well as removal of adjectival agreement and the accusative case except when necessary. At first, a number of leading Esperantists put their support behind the Ido project, but the movement stagnated and declined, first with the accidental death of one of its main proponents and later as people proposed further changes, and the number of current speakers is estimated at between 250 and 5,000. However, Ido has proven to be a rich source of Esperanto vocabulary.

Some more focused reform projects, affecting only a particular feature of the language, have gained a few adherents. One of these is [[riism]], which modifies the language to incorporate [[non-sexist language]] and [[gender-neutral pronoun]]s. However, most of these projects are specific to individual nationalities (riism from English speakers, for example), and the only changes that have gained acceptance in the Esperanto community have been the minor and gradual bottom-up reforms discussed in the last section.

Esperanto is credited with influencing or inspiring several later competing language projects, such as [[Interlingue|Occidental]] (1922) and [[Novial]] (1928). These always lagged far behind Esperanto in their popularity. By contrast, [[Interlingua]] (1951) has greatly surpassed Ido in terms of popularity. It shows little or no Esperanto influence, however.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Malmkjaer |first=Kirsten |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDqCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT113 |title=Linguistics Encyclopedia |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-64464-5 |edition=2nd |location=London |page=113 |language=en}}</ref>