Editing History of England (section)

==Roman Britain==
{{main|Roman Britain}}
[[File:Reconstruction drawing of Londinium in 120 AD, Museum of London (34881481351).jpg|thumb|left|[[Londinium]] (Roman London), {{circa|120 AD}}]]
[[File:The Great Bath in Bath (UK).jpg|thumb|Remains of the Roman baths at [[Roman Baths (Bath)|Bath]], England.]]
[[File:Hadrian's Wall west of Housesteads 3.jpg|thumb|Remains of [[Hadrian's Wall]]]]
After Caesar's expeditions, the Romans began a serious and sustained attempt to [[Roman conquest of Britain|conquer Britain]] in AD&nbsp;43, at the behest of Emperor [[Claudius]]. They landed in Kent with four legions and defeated two armies led by the kings of the [[Catuvellauni]] tribe, [[Caratacus]] and [[Togodumnus]], in battles at the Medway and the Thames. Togodumnus was killed, and Caratacus fled to Wales. The Roman force, led by [[Aulus Plautius]], waited for Claudius to come and lead the final march on the Catuvellauni capital at [[Camulodunum]] (modern [[Colchester]]), before he returned to Rome for his triumph. The Catuvellauni held sway over most of the southeastern corner of England; eleven local rulers surrendered, a number of client kingdoms were established, and the rest became a Roman province with Camulodunum as its capital.<ref>Henry Freeman, ''Roman Britain: A History From Beginning to End'' (2016).</ref> Over the next four years, the territory was consolidated and the future emperor [[Vespasian]] led a campaign into the Southwest where he subjugated two more tribes. By AD&nbsp;54 the border had been pushed back to the Severn and the Trent, and campaigns were underway to subjugate Northern England and Wales.

But in AD&nbsp;60, under the leadership of the warrior-queen [[Boudicca]], the tribes rebelled against the Romans. At first, the rebels had great success. They burned Camulodunum, [[Londinium]] and [[Verulamium]] (modern-day Colchester, London and St. Albans respectively) to the ground. There is some archaeological evidence that the same happened at Winchester. The Second Legion [[Legio II Augusta|Augusta]], stationed at [[Exeter]], refused to move for fear of revolt among the locals. Londinium governor [[Suetonius Paulinus]] evacuated the city before the rebels sacked and burned it; the fire was so hot that a ten-inch layer of melted red clay remains 15 feet below London's streets.<ref>{{cite book |title=Making Europe: The Story of the West, Volume I to 1790 |date=2013 |page=162}}</ref> In the end, the rebels were said to have killed 70,000 Romans and Roman sympathisers. Paulinus gathered what was left of the Roman army. In the [[Battle of Watling Street|decisive battle]], 10,000 Romans faced nearly 100,000 warriors somewhere along the line of [[Watling Street]], at the end of which Boudicca was utterly defeated. It was said that 80,000 rebels were killed, but only 400 Romans.

Over the next 20 years, the borders expanded slightly, but the governor Agricola incorporated into the province the last pockets of independence in Wales and Northern England. He also led a campaign into Scotland which was recalled by Emperor Domitian. The border gradually formed along the [[Stanegate]] road in Northern England, solidified by [[Hadrian's Wall]] built in AD&nbsp;138, despite temporary forays into Scotland.

The Romans and their culture stayed in charge for 350 years. [[Roman sites in Great Britain|Traces of their presence]] are ubiquitous throughout England.