Editing History of Cape Verde (section)

=== 19th century ===
[[File:BARROW(1806) p098 PORTO PRAYA, ISLAND OF ST.JAGO.jpg|thumb|alt=A peaceful harbor, with many boats|Porto Praya (now Praia) in 1806]]
{{Main|Cape Verdean Americans}}
[[Mindelo]] (originally Nossa Senhora da Luz) was founded in 1795, [[Pedra de Lume]] on Sal in 1799, and [[Santa Maria, Cape Verde|Santa Maria]] in early 1830 on the same island. Praia (the colonial capital) was modernized in 1822, expanding northward.

In the aftermarth of the [[Liberal Revolution of 1820]], slave trader [[Manuel António Martins]] used the unrest to form a junta with other leading civilians, driving the governor out and ruling the islands until 1823.<ref name = Brooks/>{{rp|130}} Martins was officially appointed prefect of the province in 1833. Soon after he took office, he disbanded the ''branco''-dominated militias. When, in 1835, some conservative officers in the local garrison mutinied, the disaffected ''brancos'' accused Martins of abetting the plot and arrested him. A new governor, Joaquim Pereira Marinho, arrived in September to restore order. He attempted to start local fishing companies, where previously Cape Verdean had been banned from owning boats for fear of slaves escaping, but his successor cancelled the project.<ref name = Brooks/>{{rp|131–2}}

The British established a station in [[Mindelo]] to refuel ships with coal, water, and other supplies beginning in 1839, and the city flourished.<ref name = Moran/>{{rp|75}} Two attempts to move the colonial capital from Praia were made: a plan to move to Picos in 1831 when another famine struck Cape Verde, and Mindelo was proposed in 1838. Many people did not want to move the colonial capital, and it remained in Praia. Two submarine telegraph cables were linked in 1874 to [[Pernambuco]], Brazil and to [[Cameroon]] via [[Banjul|Bathurst]] in [[the Gambia]] in 1885.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

The system of ''morgados'' was abolished in 1863, and slavery in 1864, but much of the population remained dependent on their former masters, renting or sharecropping land.<ref name = Moran/>{{rp|67}}<ref name = Brooks/>{{rp|111}} The decline of the slave trade dealt a blow to Cape Verde's economy.<ref name = WHE>{{cite web |last1=Cartwright |first1=Mark |title=The Portuguese Colonization of Cape Verde |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1762/the-portuguese-colonization-of-cape-verde/ |website=World History Encyclopedia |access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref> The shipping traffic at Mindelo, however, served as an important engine of economic activity. Ships plying the South Atlantic to and from Africa and Asia stopped at Mindelo for coal, salt, meat, water, and wine imported from [[Madeira]] and the [[Azores]]. In 1890 a total of 156 ships unloaded 657,633,588 metric tons of coal there, and the port was visited by 2,264 ships carrying 344,907 persons.<ref name = Moran/>{{rp|75}}

<gallery mode=packed>
File:Femmes et Enfants de Porto Grande (Cap-Vert) - 1885.jpg|Cape Verdeans in 1885|alt=1885 engraving of two women and two children
File:231 L'estacade de Praya.jpg|Port of Praia, 1899|alt=Structure of the port
File:237 Au marché de Praya.jpg|Praia market, 1899|alt=Photo of many people at a market
File:232 Praya. - Un moulin à maïs.jpg|Praia maize mill, 1899|alt=An outdoor maize mill, with people working
File:235 Praya. - Sur la place.jpg|Square in Praia, 1899|alt=Photo of three people and a baby under a tree
File:234 Praya. - Types du peuple.jpg|Praia in 1899|alt=Photo of four people and a baby in front of a building, looking at the camera
</gallery>