Editing Hexadecimal (section)

===Verbal and digital representations===
[[File:Hexadecimal-counting.jpg|right|thumb|Hexadecimal finger-counting scheme]]
Since there were no traditional numerals to represent the quantities from ten to fifteen, alphabetic letters were re-employed as a substitute. Most European languages lack non-decimal-based words for some of the numerals eleven to fifteen. Some people read hexadecimal numbers digit by digit, like a phone number, or using the [[ICAO spelling alphabet|NATO phonetic alphabet]], the [[Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet]], or a similar ''ad-hoc'' system. In the wake of the adoption of hexadecimal among [[IBM System/360]] programmers, Magnuson (1968)<ref name=Magnuson-1968-01/> suggested a pronunciation guide that gave short names to the letters of hexadecimal – for instance, "A" was pronounced "ann", B "bet", C "chris", etc.<ref name=Magnuson-1968-01>{{cite magazine |last1=Magnuson |first1=Robert A. |title=A hexadecimal pronunciation guide |magazine=Datamation |date=January 1968 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=45}}</ref> Another naming-system was published online by Rogers (2007)<ref name=Rogers-2007>{{cite web |first=S.R. |last=Rogers |year=2007 |title=Hexadecimal number words |website=Intuitor |language=en-US |url=http://www.intuitor.com/hex/words.html |access-date=2019-08-26 |archive-date=2019-09-17  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917015855/http://www.intuitor.com/hex/words.html |url-status=live }}</ref> that tries to make the verbal representation distinguishable in any case, even when the actual number does not contain numbers A–F. Examples are listed in the tables below.  Yet another naming system was elaborated by Babb (2015), based on a joke in ''[[Silicon Valley (TV series)|Silicon Valley]]''.<ref name=Babb-2015>{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Babb |year=2015 |url=https://www.bzarg.com/p/how-to-pronounce-hexadecimal/ |title=How to pronounce hexadecimal |website=Bzarg |language=en-US |access-date=2021-01-01 |archive-date=2020-11-11  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111174319/https://www.bzarg.com/p/how-to-pronounce-hexadecimal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The system proposed by Babb was further improved by Atkins-Bittner in 2015-2016.<ref name="Atkins-Bittner 2015">{{cite web|first=Tab|last=Atkins-Bittner|year=2015|title=How to Pronounce Hexadecimal Numbers|website=xanthir.com|language=en-US|url=https://www.xanthir.com/b4ej0|access-date=2025-01-08}}</ref>

Others have proposed using the verbal Morse Code conventions to express four-bit hexadecimal digits, with "dit" and "dah" representing zero and one, respectively, so that "0000" is voiced as "dit-dit-dit-dit" (....), dah-dit-dit-dah (-..-) voices the digit with a value of nine, and "dah-dah-dah-dah" (----) voices the hexadecimal digit for decimal 15.

Systems of counting on [[Digit (anatomy)|digits]] have been devised for both binary and hexadecimal. [[Arthur C. Clarke]] suggested using each finger as an on/off bit, allowing finger counting from zero to 1023<sub>10</sub> on ten fingers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clarke |first1=Arthur |last2=Pohl |first2=Frederik |title=The Last Theorem |url=https://archive.org/details/lasttheorem00clar |url-access=registration |date=2008 |publisher=Ballantine |isbn=978-0007289981 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lasttheorem00clar/page/91 91]}}</ref> Another system for counting up to FF<sub>16</sub> (255<sub>10</sub>) is illustrated on the right.

{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 50px;; text-align:right;"
|+ Magnuson (1968)<ref name=Magnuson-1968-01/><br />naming method
! Number !! Pronunciation !! Decimal Value
|-
| A || ann || 10
|-
| B || bet || 11
|-
| C || chris || 12
|-
| D || dot || 13
|-
| E || ernest || 14
|-
| F || frost || 15
|-
| 1A || annteen || 26
|-
| A0 || annty || 160
|-
| 5B || fifty-bet || 91
|-
| A,01C || annty christeen || 40,990
|-
| 1,AD0 || annteen dotty || 6,864
|-
| 3,A7D || thirty-ann seventy-dot || 14,973
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 50px;; text-align:right;"
|+ Rogers (2007)<ref name=Rogers-2007/><br /> naming method
! Number !! Pronunciation !! Decimal Value
|-
| A    || ten || 10
|-
| B    || eleven || 11
|-
| C    || twelve || 12
|-
| D    || draze || 13
|-
| E    || eptwin || 14
|-
| F    || fim || 15
|-
| 10   || tex || 16
|-
| 11   || oneteek || 17
|-
| 1F   || fimteek || 31
|-
| 50   || fiftek || 80
|-
| C0   || twelftek || 192
|-
| 100  || hundrek || 256
|-
| 1,000 || thousek || 4,096
|-
| 3E   || thirtek-eptwin || 62
|-
| E1   || eptek-one || 225
|-
| C4A  || twelve-hundrek-fourtek-ten || 3,146
|-
| 1,743 || one-thousek-seven-<br />-hundrek-fourtek-three || 5,955
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 50px;; text-align:right;"
|+ Atkins-Bittner (2015){{R|"Atkins-Bittner 2015"}}<br /> naming method
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;"
! Number
! Pronunciation
! Decimal Value
|-
| A
| ae
| 10
|-
| B
| bee
| 11
|-
| C
| cee
| 12
|-
| D
| dee
| 13
|-
| E
| ee
| 14
|-
| F
| eff
| 15
|-
| A0
| atta
| 160
|-
| B0
| bitta
| 176
|-
| C0
| citta
| 192
|-
| D0
| dickety
| 208
|-
| E0
| eckity
| 224
|-
| F0
| fleventy
| 240
|-
| 1A
| abteen
| 26
|-
| 1B
| bibteen
| 27
|-
| 1C
| cibteen
| 28
|-
| 1D
| dibbleteen
| 29
|-
| 1E
| ebbleteen
| 30
|-
| 1F
| fleventeen
| 31
|-
| 100
| one bitey
| 256
|-
| 10,000
| one millby
| 65,536
|-
| 100,000,000
| one billby
| 4,294,967,296
|}