Editing Herod Agrippa (section)

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[[File:Archeologico di Firenze, ritratto di Tiberio 02.JPG|thumb|Bronze bust of Tiberius.]]
Agrippa I borrowed the sum of 20,000 [[Ancient drachma|drachmas]]<ref name="Schwartz 1990, p. 6">{{harvsp|Schwartz|1990|p=6}}.</ref> to embark at [[Anthedon (Palestine)|Anthedon]] for [[Alexandria]],<ref name="Smallwood_189" /> after having been reminded by the Roman governor of [[Yavne]], Herennius Capiton, for the debts contracted vis-à-vis the treasury of the empire.<ref name="Smallwood_189" /> Herennius sent him the troop, but taking advantage of the night, Agrippa I embarked and managed to reach Alexandria where he obtained new funding from the [[alabarch]] [[Alexander the Alabarch|Alexander Lysimachus]], brother of [[Philo]] and head of the Jewish community of Alexandria.<ref name="Schwentzel 2011, p.226" /> This senior official, belonging to a Jewish family of Roman citizens, was a large landowner and, like Agrippa I, a friend of Claudius. Lysimachus refused to lend the money directly to Agrippa I, whose reputation for profligacy was well established. It was with his capital of 200,000 drachmas<ref name="Schwartz 1990, p. 6" /> that Agrippa embarked for Italy in the spring of 36.<ref name="Goodman 2009, p.106" />

Tiberius, retired to [[Capri]], received Agrippa I and gave his son's former companion a warm welcome, which was soon tempered by a letter from the governor of Yavne about his debts.<ref name="Smallwood_189" /> But [[Antonia Minor]] helped Agrippa I to get out of this new embarrassment by advancing him the totality of the sum due<ref name="Goodman 2009, p.108">{{harvsp|Goodman|2009|p=108}}.</ref>—300,000 drachmas<ref name="Schwartz 1990, p. 6"/>—and Agrippa I regained imperial favour.<ref name="Smallwood_189" /> All these details are found in the second work of [[Josephus]], the ''[[Antiquities of the Jews]]'', published around 93/94, during the reign of [[Domitian]],<ref name="Mimouni_137">{{harvsp|Mimouni|2012|p=137}}.</ref> but in book II of ''[[The Jewish War]]'', his first account, published between 75–79,<ref>André Pelletier, ''La Guerre des Juifs contre les Romains'', Les Belles Lettres, 1975, 3 Tomes., rééd. 2003. Traduction Pierre Savinel, Éditions de Minuit, 1977, en un volume.</ref> Josephus was more direct. It was "to accuse the tetrarch"<ref name="accuser le tétrarque">"Agrippa, fils de cet Aristobule que son père Hérode avait mis à mort, se rendit auprès de Tibère pour accuser le tétrarque Hérode (Antipas). L'empereur n'ayant pas accueilli l'accusation, Agrippa resta à Rome pour faire sa cour aux gens considérables et tout particulièrement à Gaius, fils de Germanicus" ; [[Josephus]], ''[[The Jewish War]]'', livre II, IX, 5 (178).</ref> Herod Antipas, that Agrippa I decided to go "to Tiberius",<ref name="accuser le tétrarque" /> in order to try to take his domain,<ref name="Picard_804">[[Gilbert Charles-Picard|Gilbert Picard]], « La date de naissance de Jésus du point de vue romain », dans ''Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres'', 139 (3), 1995, {{p.|804}}.</ref> and it was because Agrippa I had been ousted from his pretensions to obtain the tetrarchy of Antipas that he would have started plotting against the emperor.<ref name="Picard_804" /> Like other information about Agrippa, these are not found in the Judaic texts, whereas Josephus expands much on the subject.

The emperor asked Agrippa I to take charge of Drusus' son, his grandson [[Tiberius Gemellus]], then a teenager and one of the two designated heirs of Tiberius<ref name="Goodman 2009, p.106" /> with his grand-nephew [[Caligula|Caius Caligula]], grandson of the protector of Agrippa I, Antonia.<ref name="Smallwood_189" /> Antonia undertook to win the favors and friendship of Caius, imitated in this by another prince without a kingdom, [[Antiochus IV of Commagene|Antiochos of Commagene]],<ref name="Hadas-Lebel 2009, p.79" /> and managed to contract a loan of one million drachmas from a Samaritan freedman of the emperor to carry out his project with the rising star of Rome. Although the conditions are unknown under which the friendship between the two men was forged, it must have been worth such an investment.<ref name="Goodman 2009, p.108" />

A flattery from Agrippa I to Caligula however caused him trouble: wishing in a conversation that the death of Tiberius would not be delayed any longer so that the young prince could succeed him, this remark was reported to Tiberius who ordered the arrest of Agrippa I.<ref name="Smallwood_189" /> Agrippa I enjoyed a comfortable captivity and was released by Caligula shortly after the death of Tiberius on 16 March 37,<ref name="Goodman 2009, p.108" /> when [[Pontius Pilate]] arrived in Rome.<ref name="Schwentzel_227">{{harvsp|Schwentzel|2011|p=227}}.</ref>

The accession to the throne of his friend began Agrippa I's fortune. Caligula offered Agrippa I a gold chain "of the same weight as the chain of his captivity".<ref name="Schwentzel_227" /> He granted him, in addition to the title of king and the [[diadem]] which was its sign, the territories of [[Philip the Tetrarch|Philip]], who had died shortly before,<ref name="Smallwood_189" /> tetrarch of [[Iturea]], [[Lajat|Trachonitis]], [[Batanea]], [[Gaulanitis]], [[Auranitis]] and [[Paneas]],<ref name="Schwentzel 2011, p.226" /> located northeast of the [[Sea of Galilee|lake of Tiberias]]. Caligula also conferred on him the praetorian ornaments, a dignity which allows certain non-senators to sit among them during public celebrations.<ref name="Smallwood_190">{{harvsp|Smallwood|1976|p=190}}.</ref> "This completely exceptional reversal of the situation seems to have greatly impressed Agrippa's contemporaries."<ref name="Schwentzel_227" />

According to Josephus, after he placed the royal diadem on the head of Agrippa I, Caligula sent [[Marullus (prefect of Judea)|Marullus]] as "hipparch (ἱππάρχης) of Judea" to replace Pontius Pilate, who had been dismissed by [[Lucius Vitellius (consul 34)|Lucius Vitellius]] and had just arrived in Rome.<ref name="Schwartz 1990, pp.62-63">Daniel R. Schwartz, ''Agrippa I: The Last King of Judaea'', éd. Mohr Siebeck, 1990, {{p.|62–63}}.</ref> Agrippa I showed no eagerness to take charge of the affairs of his kingdom, and it was only in the summer of 38 that he went to Batanea for a short stay.<ref name="Goodman 2009, p.108" />