Editing Heinkel He 111 (section)

==Early civilian variants==

===He 111C===
[[File:Heinkel He 111C of Deutsche Luft Hansa on the ground in Dübendorf (LBS SR01-00070).jpg|thumb|right|He 111C of [[Deutsche Luft Hansa]] at Dübendorf, Switzerland.]]
The first prototype, He 111 V1 (W.Nr. 713, D-ADAP), flew from Rostock-Marienehe on 24 February 1935.{{sfn|Dressel|Griehl|1994|p=32}} It was followed by the civilian-equipped V2 and V4 in May 1935. The V2 (W.Nr. 715, D-ALIX) used the bomb bay as a four-seat "smoking compartment", with another six seats behind it in the rear fuselage. V2 entered service with [[Deutsche Luft Hansa]] in 1936, along with six other newly built versions known as the He 111C.<ref name="Nowarra 1980, p. 30">{{harvnb|Nowarra|1980|p=30}}</ref> The He 111 V4 was unveiled to the foreign press on 10 January 1936.<ref name="Nowarra 1980, p. 30"/> Nazi propaganda inflated the performance of the He 111C, announcing its maximum speed as {{cvt|400|km/h}}; in reality its performance stood at {{cvt|360|km/h}}.<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 14">{{harvnb|Regnat|2004|p=14}}</ref> The He 111&nbsp;C-0 was a commercial version and took the form of the V4 prototype design. The first machine was designated D-AHAO "''Dresden''". It was powered by the BMW VI engine and could manage a range (depending on the fuel capacity) of {{cvt|1000|to|2000|km}}<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 14"/> and a maximum speed of {{cvt|310|km/h}}.<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 17"/> The wing span on the C series was {{cvt|22.6|m}}.<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 17">{{harvnb|Regnat|2004|p=17}}</ref> The fuselage dimensions were {{cvt|17.1|m}} in the He 111 V1, but changed in the C to {{cvt|17.5|m}}. The Jumo 205 diesel powerplant replaced the BMW VI. Nevertheless, the maximum speed remained in the {{cvt|220|to|240|km/h}} bracket. This was increased slightly when the BMW 132 engines were introduced.<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 17"/>

A general problem existed in powerplants. The He 111 was equipped with BMW VI [[glycol]]-cooled engines. The German aviation industry lacked powerplants that could produce more than 600 [[Horsepower|hp]].<ref name="Nowarra 1980, p. 28"/> Engines of suitable quality were kept for military use, frustrating German airline Luft Hansa and forcing it to rely on the BMW VI or 132s.<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 17"/>

===He 111G===
The He 111G was an upgraded variant and had a number of differences to its predecessors. To simplify production the leading edge of the wing was straightened, like the bomber version. Engine types used included the BMW 132, BMW VI, DB 600 and DB601A. Some C variants were upgraded with the new wing modifications. A new BMW 132H engine was also used in a so-called ''Einheitstriebwerk'' (unitary powerplant). These radial engines were used in the [[Junkers Ju 90]] and the [[Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor]]. The wing units and engines were packed together as [[Modular design|complete operating systems]], allowing for a quick change of engine<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 21">{{harvnb|Regnat|2004|p=21}}</ref> – a likely direct precursor of the wartime ''[[Kraftei]]'' aviation engine unitization concept. The He 111G was the most powerful as well as the fastest commercial version.<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 21"/> The G-0 was given the BMW VI 6.0 ZU. Later variants had their powerplants vary. The G-3 for example was equipped with the BMW 132. The G-4 was powered by DB600G inverted-vee {{convert|950|hp|abbr=on}} engines and the G-5 was given the DB601B with a top speed of {{cvt|410|km/h}}. By early 1937, eight G variants were in Lufthansa service. The maximum number of He 111s in Lufthansa service was 12. The He 111 operated all over Europe and flew as far away as [[South Africa]]. Commercial development ended with the He 111G.<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 21"/>