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=== Prenatal hormone exposure === Four studies have indicated that individuals who have had in-utero exposure to [[diethylstilbestrol]] (a synthetic [[estrogen]]-based medication used between 1940 and 1971) were more likely to be left-handed over the clinical control group. Diethylstilbestrol animal studies "suggest that estrogen affects the developing brain, including the part that governs sexual behavior and right and left dominance".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Titus-Ernstoff |first1=Linda |last2=Perez |first2=Kimberly |last3=Hatch |first3=Elizabeth E. |last4=Troisi |first4=Rebecca |last5=Palmer |first5=Julie R. |last6=Hartge |first6=Patricia |last7=Hyer |first7=Marianne |last8=Kaufman |first8=Raymond |last9=Adam |first9=Ervin |last10=Strohsnitter |first10=William |last11=Noller |first11=Kenneth |last12=Pickett |first12=Kate E. |last13=Hoover |first13=Robert |title=Psychosexual Characteristics of Men and Women Exposed Prenatally to Diethylstilbestrol |journal=Epidemiology |date=March 2003 |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=155β160 |doi=10.1097/01.EDE.0000039059.38824.B2 |pmid=12606880 |s2cid=31181675 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Scheirs JG, Vingerhoets AJ | title = Handedness and other laterality indices in women prenatally exposed to DES | journal = Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology | volume = 17 | issue = 5 | pages = 725β30 | date = October 1995 | pmid = 8557813 | doi = 10.1080/01688639508405162 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schachter SC | title = Handedness in women with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol | journal = Neuropsychologia | volume = 32 | issue = 5 | pages = 619β23 | date = May 1994 | pmid = 8084419 | doi = 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90149-x | s2cid = 44387790 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith LL, Hines M | title = Language lateralization and handedness in women prenatally exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) | journal = Psychoneuroendocrinology | volume = 25 | issue = 5 | pages = 497β512 | date = July 2000 | pmid = 10818283 | doi = 10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00005-6 | s2cid = 44323126 }}</ref>
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