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==Continents== The amount of exposed land in the Hadean is only loosely dependent on the amount of continental crust: it also depends on the ocean level.<ref name=Korenaga2021/> In models where plate tectonics started in the Archean, Earth has a global ocean in the Hadean.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Russell |first=MJ |year=2021 |title=The "Water Problem", the illusory pond and life's submarine emergence—A review |journal=Life |doi=10.3390/life11050429 |doi-access=free |pmid=34068713 |pmc=8151828 |volume=11 |issue=5 |page=429|bibcode=2021Life...11..429R }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Voosen |first=P |year=2021 |title=Ancient Earth was a water world |journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.371.6534.1088 |pmid=33707245 |bibcode=2021Sci...371.1088V |s2cid=232206926 |volume=371 |issue=6534 |pages=1088–1089}}</ref> The high heat of the mantle may have made it difficult to support high elevations in the Hadean.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Monteux |first1=J |last2=Andrault |first2=D |last3=Guitreau |first3=M |last4=Samuel |first4=H |last5=Demouchy |first5=S |year=2020 |title=A mushy Earth's mantle for more than 500 Myr after the magma ocean solidification |journal=Geophys. J. Int. |doi=10.1093/gji/ggaa064 |volume=221 |issue=2 |pages=1165–1181|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rey |first1=PF |last2=Coltice |first2=N |year=2008 |title=Neoarchean lithospheric strengthening and the coupling of Earth's geochemical reservoirs |journal=Geology |doi=((10.1130/G25031A.1;)) |bibcode=2008Geo....36..635R |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=635–638}}</ref> If continents did form in the Hadean, their growth competed with outgassing of water from the mantle.<ref name=Korenaga2021/> Continents may have appeared in the mid-Hadean, and then disappeared under a thick ocean by the end of the Hadean.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bada |first1=JL |last2=Korenaga |first2=J |year=2018 |title=Exposed areas above sea level on Earth >3.5 Gyr ago: Implications for prebiotic and primitive biotic chemistry |journal=Life |doi=10.3390/life8040055 |doi-access=free |pmid=30400350 |pmc=6316429 |volume=8 |issue=4 |page=55|bibcode=2018Life....8...55B }}</ref> The limited amount of land has implications for the [[origin of life]].<ref name=Korenaga2021/>
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