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===Community and collaboration=== Throughout writings about hackers and their work processes, a common value of community and collaboration is present. For example, in Levy's ''Hackers'', each generation of hackers had geographically based communities where collaboration and sharing occurred. For the hackers at MIT, it was the labs where the computers were running. For the hardware hackers (second generation) and the game hackers (third generation) the geographic area was centered in [[Silicon Valley]] where the [[Homebrew Computer Club]] and the [[People's Computer Company]] helped hackers network, collaborate, and share their work. The concept of community and collaboration is still relevant today, although hackers are no longer limited to collaboration in geographic regions. Now collaboration takes place via the [[Internet]]. [[Eric S. Raymond]] identifies and explains this conceptual shift in ''[[The Cathedral and the Bazaar]]'':<ref>{{cite web|url=http://catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/ar01s11.html |title=The Social Context of Open-Source Software |publisher=Catb.org |access-date=1 July 2011}}</ref> <blockquote>Before cheap Internet, there were some geographically compact communities where the culture encouraged Weinberg's egoless programming, and a developer could easily attract a lot of skilled kibitzers and co-developers. Bell Labs, the MIT AI and LCS labs, UC Berkeley: these became the home of innovations that are legendary and still potent.</blockquote> Raymond also notes that the success of [[Linux]] coincided with the wide availability of the [[World Wide Web]]. The value of community is still in high practice and use today.
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