Editing Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (section)

==Post-DRA civil war==
{{further|Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)}}
A highly controversial commander, Hekmatyar has been dubbed the "Butcher of Kabul", accused of being responsible for the destruction and civilian deaths Kabul experienced in the early 1990s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news.com.au/world/middle-east/afghanistan-government-signs-deal-with-the-butcher-of-kabul-in-landmark-deal-despite-war-crimes/news-story/b1f733a6b1e431a75b17c33ffe2f5182 |title=Butcher of Kabul's horror return |newspaper=News.com.au |date=29 September 2016 |access-date=2016-10-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018000411/http://www.news.com.au/world/middle-east/afghanistan-government-signs-deal-with-the-butcher-of-kabul-in-landmark-deal-despite-war-crimes/news-story/b1f733a6b1e431a75b17c33ffe2f5182 |archive-date=2016-10-18 |last1=Khan |first1=Mohammad Zubair }}</ref>

According to the U.S. Special Envoy to Afghanistan in 1989–1992, [[Peter Tomsen]], Gulbuddin Hekmatyar was hired in 1990 by the [[Pakistan]]i [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) to conquer and rule Afghanistan in the benefit of Pakistani interests. The plan was delayed until 1992 due to US pressure to cancel that plan.<ref name=Tomsen,405>{{cite book|last=Tomsen|first=Peter|title=The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Dz9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA405|year=2011|publisher=PublicAffairs|isbn=978-1-58648-763-8|pages=405–408}}</ref>

In April 1992, as the [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] began to collapse, government officials joined the mujahideen, choosing different parties according to their ethnic and political affinities. For the most part, the members of the ''[[khalq]]'' faction of the [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|PDPA]], who were predominantly Pashtuns, joined with Hekmatyar.<ref>Maley, ''The Afghanistan Wars'', p. 189</ref> With their help, he began on 24 April to infiltrate troops into Kabul, and announced that he had seized the city, and that should any other leaders try to fly into Kabul, he would shoot their plane down.<ref>Maley, ''The Afghanistan Wars'', p. 193</ref> The new leader of the "Islamic Interim Government of Afghanistan", [[Sibghatullah Mojaddedi]], appointed [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]] as defense minister, and urged him to take action. This he did, taking the offensive on 25 April, and after two days heavy fighting, the Hezb-i Islami and its allies were expelled from Kabul.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0123)|title=The Peshawar Accord, 25 April 1992|access-date=2008-07-03|year=1997|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]}}</ref> A peace agreement was signed with Massoud on 25 May 1992, which made Hekmatyar Prime Minister. However, the agreement fell apart when he was blamed for a rocket attack on President Mojaddedi's plane.<ref name="HumanRightsWatchAfghanCivilWars"/> The following day, fighting resumed between [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]]'s and Ahmed Shah Massoud's Jamiat, [[Abdul Rashid Dostum]]'s [[National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan|Jumbish]] forces and Hekmatyar's Hezb-i Islami forces.

From 1992 to 1996, the warring factions destroyed most of Kabul and killed thousands, many of them civilians, during the [[Afghan Civil War (1992-1996)|Afghan civil war]]. All the different parties participated in the destruction, but Hekmatyar's group was responsible for most of the damage, because of his practice of deliberately targeting civilian areas.<ref>Maley, ''The Afghanistan Wars'', pp. 202–205</ref> Hekmatyar is thought to have bombarded Kabul in retaliation for what he considered its inhabitants' collaboration with the Soviets, and out of religious conviction. He once told a ''New York Times'' journalist that Afghanistan "already had one and a half million martyrs. We are ready to offer as many to establish a true Islamic Republic."<ref name=Weiner>{{cite news|first=Tim|last=Weiner|title=Blowback from the Afghan Battlefield|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D01E0D7103AF930A25750C0A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=3|work=The New York Times|date=13 March 1994|access-date=2008-07-03}}</ref> His attacks also had a political objective: to undermine the Rabbani government by proving that Rabbani and Massoud were unable to protect the population.<ref>Maley, ''The Afghanistan Wars'', p. 202</ref> In 1994 Hekmatyar would shift alliances, joining with Dostum as well as ''[[Hizb-e-Wahdat]]'', a Hazara Shi'a party, to form the ''Shura-i Hamahangi'' ("Council of coordination"). Together they laid [[Battle of Kabul (1992–96)|Siege on Kabul]], unleashing massive barrages of artillery and rockets that led to the evacuation of U.N. personnel from Kabul, and caused several government members to abandon their posts. However the new alliance did not spell victory for Hekmatyar, and in June 1994, Massoud had driven Dostum's troops from the capital.<ref>Maley, ''The Afghanistan Wars'', p.203</ref>