Editing Guadeloupe (section)

=== 20th–21st centuries ===
In 1936, [[Félix Éboué]] became the first black governor of Guadeloupe.<ref>{{cite web |title=DOSSIER DE PRESSE |url=http://www.guyane.cci.fr/fr/content/download/1857/11808/file/Dossier%20de%20presse%20FE.pdf |author=Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de la Guyane |access-date=24 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024324/http://www.guyane.cci.fr/fr/content/download/1857/11808/file/Dossier%20de%20presse%20FE.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}.</ref><ref>The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Félix Éboué". Encyclopedia Britannica, 22 Dec. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Felix-Eboue. Accessed 9 May 2025</ref> During [[World War II]], Guadeloupe initially came under the control of the [[Vichy government]], later joining [[Free France]] in 1943.<ref name="britannica.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vichy issued its colonial stamps in France |url=https://www.linns.com/insights/vichy-issued-its-colonial-stamps-in-france.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Linns Stamp News |language=en}}</ref> In 1946, the colony of Guadeloupe [[became an overseas department]] of France.<ref name="britannica.com" />

Tensions arose in the post-war era over the social structure of Guadeloupe and its relationship with mainland France. The 'Massacre of St Valentine' occurred in 1952, when striking factory workers in [[Le Moule]] were shot at by the [[Compagnies républicaines de sécurité]], resulting in four deaths.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.france24.com/fr/20090214-14-fevrier-1952-une-greve-guadeloupe-reprimee-le-sang |title=14 février 1952: une grève en Guadeloupe réprimée dans le sang, France24.com, 14 février 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lepetitlexiquecolonial.blogspace.fr/1533307/Jeudi-14-fevrier-1952-au-Moule/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710153850/http://lepetitlexiquecolonial.blogspace.fr/1533307/Jeudi-14-fevrier-1952-au-Moule/ |archive-date=10 July 2012 |url-status=dead |title=Le petit lexique colonial – Jeudi 14 février 1952 au Moule &#124; lepetitlexiquecolonial.blogspace.fr |access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/speciales/social/guadeloupe_dom__la_crise/20090219.OBS5423/les_precedentes_emeutes_en_guadeloupe_1952_et_1967.html |title=Source: Le Nouvel Observateur}}{{dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-14 |title=L’éphéméride du 14 février : Guadeloupe, Martinique jours de mort les 14 février 1952 et 1974 |url=https://www.madinin-art.net/lephemeride-du-14-fevrier/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> In May 1967 racial tensions exploded into rioting following a racist attack on a black Guadeloupean, Raphael Balzinc,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/6/2/50-years-on-guadeloupeans-remember-french-brutality |title=50 years on: Guadeloupeans remember French brutality |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105095258/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/6/2/50-years-on-guadeloupeans-remember-french-brutality |url-status=live}}</ref> resulting in eight deaths.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mai 1967 à Pointe-à-Pitre : " Un massacre d'Etat " |url=https://www.humanite.fr/mai-1967-pointe-pitre-un-massacre-detat-636544 |language=fr |date=25 May 2017 |access-date=14 October 2017 |archive-date=16 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016005805/https://www.humanite.fr/mai-1967-pointe-pitre-un-massacre-detat-636544 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Félix-Hilaire Fortuné |title=La France et l'Outre-Mer antillais |language=fr |trans-title=France and the West Indies |publisher=L'Harmattan |date=2001 |page=303}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2009/05/26/en-guadeloupe-la-tragedie-de-me-67-refoulee_1198153_3224.html |title=En Guadeloupe, la tragédie de "Mé 67" refoulée |newspaper=Le Monde |date=26 May 2009 |access-date=27 July 2019 |archive-date=27 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727235412/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2009/05/26/en-guadeloupe-la-tragedie-de-me-67-refoulee_1198153_3224.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carrington |first=G. |date=2022-01-09 |title=The May 1967 massacre in Guadeloupe |url=https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/31750/ |journal=Journal of Romance Studies |language=en |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=389–412 |doi=10.3828/jrs.2022.21 |issn=1473-3536}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carrington |first=Grace |date= |title=The May 1967 massacre in Guadeloupe |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10181907/ |journal=Journal of Romance Studies |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=389–412 |issn=1473-3536}}</ref>

An independence movement grew in the 1970s, prompting France to declare Guadeloupe a French region in 1974.<ref name="britannica.com" /> The [[People's Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe|Union populaire pour la libération de la Guadeloupe]] (UPLG) campaigned for complete independence, and by the 1980s the situation had turned violent with the actions of groups such as {{ill|Groupe de libération armée|es|Grupo de Liberación Armada|fr}} (GLA) and [[Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance|Alliance révolutionnaire caraïbe]] (ARC).

Greater autonomy was granted to Guadeloupe in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guadeloupe - Atlapedia® Online |url=https://www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/guadelop.htm |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=www.atlapedia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guadeloupe |url=https://www.islandstudies.com/files/2016/11/Guadeloupe.pdf}}</ref> Through a [[2003 Guadeloupean autonomy referendum|referendum in 2003]], [[Collectivity of Saint Martin|Saint-Martin]] and [[Saint Barthélemy]] voted to separate from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, this being fully enacted by 2007.<ref name="britannica.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guadeloupe Arrondissements |url=https://www.statoids.com/ugp.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref>

In January 2009, labour unions and others known as the [[Liyannaj Kont Pwofitasyon]] went [[2009 French Caribbean general strikes|on strike]] for more pay.<ref>"[https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gk4fdgdkSoLI7uwcWr8DPvufQdAg?hl=en Race, class fuel social conflict on French Caribbean islands] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221091147/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gk4fdgdkSoLI7uwcWr8DPvufQdAg?hl=en |date=21 February 2014 }}". [[Agence France-Presse]] (AFP). 17 February 2009</ref> Strikers were angry with low wages, the high cost of living, high levels of poverty relative to mainland France and levels of unemployment that are amongst the worst in the European Union.<ref name=reuters>{{cite news |first=Estelle |last=Shirbon |title=Paris fails to end island protests, seen spreading |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/marketsNewsUS/idUKLD40833620090213 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=13 February 2009 |access-date=14 February 2009 |archive-date=14 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214175718/http://uk.reuters.com/article/marketsNewsUS/idUKLD40833620090213 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The situation quickly escalated, exacerbated by what was seen as an ineffectual response by the French government, turning violent and prompting the deployment of extra police after a union leader ([[Jacques Bino]]) was shot and killed.<ref name=iht19>{{cite news |title=France proposes to raise salaries to end Guadeloupe violence |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/02/19/america/france.php |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[International Herald Tribune]] |date=19 February 2009 |access-date=25 February 2009 |archive-date=21 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221065804/http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/02/19/america/france.php |url-status=live}}</ref> The strike lasted 44 days and had also inspired similar actions on nearby [[Martinique]]. President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] later visited the island, promising reform.<ref name=visit>[https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iQcNm7wF2_1t5AffHQZY1jZwd9Cw Sarkozy offers autonomy vote for Martinique] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709063018/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iQcNm7wF2_1t5AffHQZY1jZwd9Cw |date=9 July 2009 }}, [[Agence France-Presse]]</ref> Tourism suffered greatly during this time and affected the 2010 tourist season as well.