Editing Grenoble (section)

===19th century===
[[File:Fortifications Bastille - Grenoble.JPG|thumb|Ramparts close to the Porte Saint Laurent]]

The establishment of the [[First French Empire|Empire]] was overwhelmingly approved (in Isère, the results showed 82,084 yes and only 12 no).<ref>''Petite Histoire du Dauphiné'', Félix Vernay, 1933, p115</ref> Grenoble welcomed for the second time a prisoner Pope in 1809. [[Pius&nbsp;VII]] spent 10&nbsp;days in the city en route to his exile in [[Fontainebleau]].

In 1813, Grenoble was under threat from the Austrian army, which invaded Switzerland and [[Savoy]]. The well-defended city contained the Austrian attacks, and the French army defeated the Austrians, forcing them to withdraw at [[Geneva]]. However, the later [[Six Days Campaign|invasion of France]] in 1814 resulted in the capitulation of the troops and the occupation of the city.

[[File:Retour de Napoleon d' Isle d'Elbe, by Charles de Steuben.jpg|thumb|''[[Napoleon's Return from Elba (painting)|Napoleon's Return from Elba]]'' by [[Charles de Steuben]], 1818]]
During his [[Hundred Days|return]] from the island of [[Elba]] in 1815, Napoleon took a [[Route Napoleon|road]] that led him near Grenoble at [[Laffrey]]. There he met the Royalist Régiment d'Angoulême (former 5th) of [[Louis&nbsp;XVIII|Louis XVIII's]] [[French Royal Army|Royal Army]]. Napoleon stepped toward the soldiers and said these famous words: "If there is among you a soldier who wants to kill his Emperor, here I am." The soldiers all joined his cause. After that, Napoleon was acclaimed at Grenoble and General [[Jean Gabriel Marchand]] could not prevent Napoleon from entering the city through the Bonne gate. He said later: "From [[Cannes]] to Grenoble, I still was an adventurer; in that last city, I came back a sovereign".<ref>''Petite histoire du Dauphiné'', Félix Vernay, 1933, p120</ref> But after the defeat of [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], the region suffered from a new invasion of Austrian and Sardinian troops.
[[File:Fontaine trois ordres - Grenoble.JPG|thumb|Fountain of the Three Orders (1897)]]

The 19th century saw significant industrial development of Grenoble. The glove factories reached their Golden Age, and their products were exported to the [[United States]], the [[United Kingdom]], and [[Russia]].<ref>''L’histoire de l'Isère en BD'', Tome&nbsp;5, Gilbert Bouchard, 2004</ref>

[[François Nicolas Benoît, Baron Haxo|General Haxo]] transformed the [[Bastille (Grenoble)|Bastille]] fortress, which took on its present aspect between 1824 and 1848. The [[Second French Empire|Second Empire]] saw the construction of the French railway network, and the first trains arrived at Grenoble in 1858. Shortly thereafter Grenoble experienced widespread destruction by [[Grenoble Flood 1859|extensive flooding]] in 1859.

In 1869, engineer [[Aristide Bergès]] played a major role in industrializing hydroelectricity production. With the development of his paper mills, he accelerated the economic development of the Grésivaudan valley and Grenoble.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

On 4 August 1897, a stone and bronze fountain was inaugurated in Grenoble to commemorate the pre-revolutionary events of June 1788. Built by the sculptor [[Henri Ding]], the Fountain of the Three Orders, which represents three characters, is located on Place Notre-Dame. People in Grenoble interpret these characters as follows: "Is it raining?" inquires the [[The third estate|third estate]]; "Please heaven it had rained", lament the [[clergy]]; and "It will rain", proclaims the [[nobility]].<ref>Grenoble, cœur de pierre, Françoise Goyet, Edi Loire, 1996, ({{ISBN|2840840464}})</ref>