Editing Gothenburg (section)

== Architecture ==
[[File:Tyska kyrkan Goteborg.jpg|thumb|[[German Church, Gothenburg|The German Church]] in central Gothenburg.]]
Very few buildings are left from the 17th century when the city was founded, since all but the military and royal houses were built of wood.<ref>[[Nationalencyklopedin]] (NE), The Swedish National Encyclopedia (Most of this section is based on NE)</ref> Some structures which do survive from this early phase in the city's history are [[Kronhuset]] and the [[Torstenson Palace]], and the fortresses [[Skansen Kronan]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Warfinge |first1=Henrik |title=Skansen Kronan: vägledning genom militärhistoriska samlingarna |trans-title=Skansen Crown: a guide through military history collections |date=1982 |publisher=Göteborgs museers informationsavd. |location=Gothenburg |id={{LIBRIS|396904}}}}</ref> and [[Skansen Lejonet]].

The first major architecturally interesting period is the 18th century when the East India Company made Gothenburg an important trade city. Imposing stone houses in [[Neo-Classical architecture|Neo-Classical]] style were erected around the canals. One example from this period is the East India House, which today houses the [[Göteborg City Museum]].<ref name=capture>{{cite book |editor1-last=Sjölin |editor1-first=Mats |title=Att fånga det flyktiga: Göteborgs museum 150 år |trans-title=To capture the fleeting: 150 years of Gothenburg Museum |date=2011 |publisher=Carlsson i samarbete med Göteborgs stadsmuseum |location=Stockholm |isbn=978-91-7331-453-4 |id={{LIBRIS|12158175}} |language=sv}}</ref>

In the 19th century, the wealthy bourgeoisie began to move outside the city walls which had protected the city. The style now was an eclectic, academic, somewhat overdecorated style which the middle-class favoured. The working class lived in the overcrowded city district [[Haga, Gothenburg|Haga]] in wooden houses.<ref name="varde" />

In the 19th century, the first comprehensive town plan after the founding of city was created, which led to the construction of the main street, [[Kungsportsavenyen]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ask |first1=Victoria |title=Förträdgården som försvann |trans-title=Disappearing gardens |url=http://www.antiquum.se/pdf/Fortradgardar.pdf |website=antiquum.se |publisher=Byggnadskultur |year=2008 |access-date=28 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222110555/http://www.antiquum.se/pdf/Fortradgardar.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> Perhaps the most significant type of houses of the city, [[Landshövdingehus]]en, were built in the end of the 19th century – three-storey houses with the first floor in stone and the other two in wood.<ref>{{cite web |title=Landshövdingehus |url=http://www.stadshem.se/byggnadsstil/landshovdingehus |website=stadshem.se |publisher=Stadshem |access-date=28 August 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105449/http://www.stadshem.se/byggnadsstil/landshovdingehus |url-status=live}}</ref>

The early 20th century, characterized by the [[Romantic nationalism|National Romantic]] style, was rich in architectural achievements.<ref name=varde>{{cite web |editor1-last=Lönnroth |editor1-first=Gudrun |title=Kulturhistoriskt värdefull bebyggelse i Göteborg |trans-title=Historically valuable buildings in Gothenburg |url=http://goteborgsstadsmuseum.se/sites/default/files/media/bevarandeprogram_gbg_vol_1_del_2.pdf |website=goteborgsstadsmuseum.se |publisher=[[Göteborg City Museum]] |access-date=26 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222134113/http://goteborgsstadsmuseum.se/sites/default/files/media/bevarandeprogram_gbg_vol_1_del_2.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> [[Masthugg Church]] is a noted example of the style of this period.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ternevall |first1=Evert |title=Masthuggskyrkan 1914–1964: en minnesskrift |trans-title=Masthuggskyrkan 1914–1964: a memorial publication |date=1964 |id={{LIBRIS|516385}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hammarskiöld |first1=Hans |last2=Linde Bjur |first2=Gunilla |last3=Lärn |first3=Viveca |title=Fasader i Göteborg: hus från industrialismens genombrott till sekelskiftet |trans-title=Facades in Gothenburg: houses from industrialism to the turn of the century |date=1996 |publisher=Gedin |location=Stockholm |isbn=978-91-7964-195-5 |page=123 |id={{LIBRIS|7677346}}}}</ref> In the early 1920s, on the city's 300th anniversary, the [[Götaplatsen]] square with its [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] look was built.<ref name="varde" />

After this, the predominant style in Gothenburg and rest of Sweden was [[Functionalism (architecture)|Functionalism]] which especially dominated the suburbs such as [[Västra Frölunda]] and [[Bergsjön]]. The Swedish functionalist architect [[Uno Åhrén]] served as city planner from 1932 through 1943.<ref name="varde" /> In the 1950s, the big stadium [[Ullevi]] was built when Sweden hosted the [[1958 FIFA World Cup]].<ref name=Summerburst>{{cite web |title=Summerburst på Ullevi |trans-title=Summerburst at Ullevi |url=http://www.higab.se/page.asp?link=1-155-1660 |website=higab.se |publisher=Higab |access-date=29 August 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030057/http://www.higab.se/page.asp?link=1-155-1660 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The modern architecture of the city has been formed by such architects as [[Gert Wingårdh]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Arkitektur i Göteborg |trans-title=Architecture in Gothenburg |url=http://www.goteborg.com/arkitektur-i-goteborg/ |website=goteborg.com |publisher=Göteborgs Turistbyrå |access-date=26 August 2015 |archive-date=19 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819234948/http://www.goteborg.com/arkitektur-i-goteborg/ |url-status=live}}</ref> who started as a [[Postmodernism|Post-modernist]] in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eliaeson |first1=Pär |last2=Fowelin |first2=Johan |title=Learning from Wingårdh |journal=Arkitekturtidskriften KRITIK |date=September 2010 |issue=9/10 |page=16 |url=http://www.syntesforlag.se/kritik/9-10.pdf |access-date=26 August 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045110/http://www.syntesforlag.se/kritik/9-10.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Gustaf Adolfs torg, Gothenburg|Gustaf Adolf Square]] is a town square located in central Gothenburg. Noted buildings on the square include Gothenburg City Hall (formerly the stock exchange, opened in 1849) and the [[Nordic Classicism]] law court. The main canal of Gothenburg also flanks the square.<ref name="varde" />

=== Characteristic buildings ===
[[File:Barken Viking i Göteborg.JPG|thumb|left|Skanskaskrapan]]
The [[Gothenburg Central Station]] is in the centre of the city, next to Nordstan and Drottningtorget.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stationsinfo: Göteborg Centralstation |trans-title=Station info: Gothenburg Central Station |url=http://www.stationsinfo.se/station/GoteborgCentral/ |website=stationsinfo.se |publisher=Samtrafiken |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728091309/http://www.stationsinfo.se/station/GoteborgCentral/ |archive-date=28 July 2015}}</ref> The building has been renovated and expanded numerous times since the grand opening in October 1858. In 2003, a major reconstruction was finished which brought the 19th-century building into the 21st century expanding the capacity for trains, travellers, and shopping.<ref>{{cite book |title=Tåg 62: SJ-utställning i Göteborg 11 maj – 15 juli, En exposé över järnvägen igår, idag och imorgon |trans-title=Train 62: SJ-show in Gothenburg 11 May to 15 July, An exposé of Railways yesterday, today and tomorrow |editor=Claes Horn |publisher=Statens järnvägar |date=1962 |page=5 |first=Claes |last=Krantz}}</ref> Not far from the central station is the [[Lilla Bommen (building)|Skanskaskrapan]], or more commonly known as "The Lipstick". It is {{cvt|86|m|ft}} high with 22&nbsp;floors and coloured in red-white stripes. The skyscraper was designed by [[Ralph Erskine (architect)|Ralph Erskine]] and built by [[Skanska]] in the late 1980s as the headquarters for the company.<ref name=vasa>{{cite web |title=Åttiosex meter över Göta Älv |trans-title=Eighty-six meters above Göta Älv |url=http://vasakronan.se/profilfastighet/lilla-bommen |website=vasakronan.se |publisher=Vasakronan AB |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713061745/http://vasakronan.se/profilfastighet/lilla-bommen |archive-date=13 July 2015}}</ref>

By the shore of the Göta Älv at [[Lilla Bommen]] is The Göteborg Opera. It was completed in 1994. The architect Jan Izikowitz was inspired by the landscape and described his vision as "Something that makes your mind float over the squiggling landscape like the wings of a seagull."<ref>{{cite web |title=Om operahuset |trans-title=About the opera house |url=http://sv.opera.se/om-oss/om-operahuset/ |website=sv.opera.se |publisher=Göteborgsoperan |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=20 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920161154/http://sv.opera.se/om-oss/om-operahuset/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Feskekörka-1.jpg|thumb|Feskekörka fishmarket]]
[[Feskekörka]], or ''Fiskhallen'', is an indoor fishmarket by the Rosenlundskanalen in central Gothenburg. Feskekörkan was opened on 1{{nbsp}}November 1874 and its name from the building's resemblance to a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] church.<ref>{{cite book |title=100 utmärkta hus i Göteborg |trans-title=100 excellent houses in Gothenburg |first1=Manne |last1=Ekman |first2=Margareta |last2=Rydbo |publisher=Göteborgs Stadsmuseum, Alfa Print AB |location=Sundbyberg |date=2007 |isbn=978-91-85488-78-0 |id={{LIBRIS|10516941}}|page=78}}</ref> The [[Gothenburg city hall]] is in the [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] architectural style. The [[Gothenburg Synagogue]] at Stora Nygatan, near Drottningtorget, was built in 1855 according to the designs of the German architect August Krüger.<ref>{{cite web |title=GÖTEBORG INOM VALLGRAVEN 3:7 – husnr 1, GÖTEBORGS SYNAGOGA |trans-title=GOTHENBURG WITHIN THE MOAT 3: 7 – HOUSE NO. 1, GOTHENBURG SYNAGOGUE |url=http://www.bebyggelseregistret.raa.se/bbr2/byggnad/visaHistorik.raa?page=historik&visaHistorik=true&byggnadId=21400000216266 |website=bebyggelseregistret.raa.se |publisher=[[Swedish National Heritage Board]] |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923224950/http://www.bebyggelseregistret.raa.se/bbr2/byggnad/visaHistorik.raa?page=historik&visaHistorik=true&byggnadId=21400000216266 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Gunnebo House]] is a country house located to the south of Gothenburg, in Mölndal. It was built in a neoclassical architecture towards the end of the 18th century.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gunnebo House and Gardens |url=http://www.swedishgardens.se/portfolio-items/park-5/ |website=swedishgardens.se |publisher=Swedish Society of Public Park & Gardens |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811031237/http://www.swedishgardens.se/portfolio-items/park-5/ |archive-date=11 August 2015 }}</ref> Created in the early 1900s was the [[Vasa Church, Gothenburg|Vasa Church]]. It is located in [[Vasastan, Gothenburg|Vasastan]] and is built of granite in a neo-Romanesque style.<ref>{{cite book |title=Göteborgstrakten – bygd och natur |trans-title=Gothenburg area – rural and nature |editor=Claes Claesson |publisher=Göteborgs stadsfullmäktiges beredning för natur- och kulturskydd |location=Gothenburg |id={{LIBRIS|2996798}} |date=1951|page=45}}</ref>

[[Karlatornet]], a skyscraper set to be fully completed in 2025, stands as the tallest building in the Nordics, reaching a height of 246 meters.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fastighetsvarlden.se/notiser/karlatornet-nara-sin-hogsta-hojd/ |title=Karlatornet nära sin högsta höjd – stål i toppen |date=June 2023 |publisher=[[Fastighetsvärlden]] |access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gp.se/nyheter/goteborg/karlatornets-sista-pusselbit-sa-ser-paviljongen-ut.e5854542-e770-4e8d-b011-dcd995296b58 |title=Karlatornets sista pusselbit – så ser paviljongen ut |date=17 September 2024 |work=[[Göteborgs-Posten]] |access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref>

Another noted construction is [[Brudaremossen masts|Brudaremossen TV Tower]], one of the few [[partially guyed tower]]s in the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Antennen är högst i stan |trans-title=Antenna is highest in town |work=[[Göteborgs-Posten]] |date=29 November 1995 |page=11}}</ref>