Editing Gospel of John (section)

===Christology===
{{Further|Christology}}

Scholars agree that while the Gospel of John clearly regards Jesus as divine, it just as clearly subordinates him to the one God.{{sfn|Hurtado|2005|p=53}} [[Pope Benedict XVI|Joseph Ratzinger]] highlights the link of the Gospel with the [[Old Testament theology|Old Testament]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=popebenexvileg |date=2021-01-22 |title=Seeing Jesus in the Gospel of John |url=https://benedict16legacy.com/seeing-jesus-in-the-gospel-of-john/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Pope Benedict XVI Legacy |language=en-US}}</ref> while according to [[James Dunn (theologian)|James Dunn]], this Christology does not describe a subordinationist relation but rather the authority and validity of the Son's "revelation" of the Father, the continuity between the Father and the Son. Dunn sees this as intended to serve the Logos Christology,<ref name="Dunn">{{cite book |last1=Dunn |first1=James D. G. |title=Neither Jew nor Greek: A Contested Identity (Christianity in the Making, Volume 3) |date=2015 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-1-4674-4385-2 |page=353 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVZeCwAAQBAJ |language=ar}}</ref> while others (e.g., [[Andrew Loke]]) see it as connected to John's [[Incarnation (Christianity)|incarnation]] theme.<ref name="Loke">Loke, Andrew. "A Kryptic Model of the Incarnation." Ashgate Publishing, 2014, pp. 28–30</ref> But while the developed doctrine of the Trinity is not explicit in the books that constitute the [[New Testament]], the New Testament possesses a [[triad (religion)|triadic]] understanding of God{{sfn|Hurtado|2010|pp=99–110}} and contains a number of [[Trinitarian formula]]s.{{sfn|Januariy|2013|p=99}}<ref>
{{cite book
 |first                = Archimandrite |last=Januariy
 |editor-last1         = Stewart
 |editor-first1        = Melville Y.
 |editor-link1         = Melville Y. Stewart
 |orig-date            = 2003
 |location             = Dordrecht 
 |chapter              = The Elements of Triadology in the New Testament
 |title                = The Trinity: East/West Dialogue
 |url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=xJzdBgAAQBAJ
 |series               = Volume 24 of Studies in Philosophy and Religion
 |date = 2013
 |publisher            = Springer Science & Business Media
 |publication-date     = 2013
 |page                 = 100
 |isbn                 = 978-94-017-0393-2
 |access-date          = 21 December 2021
 |quote                = Trinitarian formulas are found in New Testament books such as 1 Peter 1:2; and 2 Cor 13:13. But the formula used by John the mystery-seer is unique. Perhaps it shows John's original adaptation of Paul's dual formula.
}}
</ref> John's "high Christology" depicts Jesus as divine and preexistent, defends him against Jewish claims that he was "making himself equal to God",<ref>{{bibleverse|John|5:18}}</ref>{{sfn|Hurtado|2005|p=51}} and talks openly about his divine role and echoing [[Yahweh]]'s "[[I Am that I Am]]" with seven "[[I am (biblical term)|I Am]]" declarations of his own.{{sfn|Harris|2006|pp=302–10}}{{Efn|The declarations are: 
* "I am the [[Bread of Life Discourse|bread of life]]"<ref>{{bibleverse|John|6:35|DRA|6:35}}</ref>
* "I am the [[light of the world]]"<ref>{{bibleverse|John|8:12|DRA|8:12}}</ref>
* "I am the gate for the sheep"<ref>{{bibleverse|John|10:7|DRA|10:7}}</ref>
* "I am the [[good shepherd]]"<ref>{{bibleverse|John|10:11|DRA|10:11}}</ref>
* "I am the resurrection and the life"<ref>{{bibleverse|John|11:25|DRA|11:25}}</ref>
* "I am [[the way, the truth, and the life|the way and the truth and the life]]"<ref>{{bibleverse|John|14:6|DRA|14:6}}</ref>
* "I am the [[true vine]]".<ref>{{bibleverse|John|15:1|DRA|15:1}}</ref>}} At the same time there is a stress like that in [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] on the physical continuity of Jesus's resurrected body, as Jesus tells [[Thomas the Apostle|Thomas]]: "Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe."{{sfn|Cullmann|1965|p=11}}<ref>{{bibleverse|John|20:27}}</ref>