Editing Goose (section)

=== Formation ===
Geese, like other birds, fly in a [[V formation]]. This formation helps to conserve energy in flight, and aids in communication and monitoring of flock mates.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why do geese fly in a V?|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/why-do-geese-fly-in-a-v/|access-date=2021-12-08|website=Library of Congress}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yong |first=Ed |date=2014-01-15 |title=Birds That Fly in a V Formation Use An Amazing Trick |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/birds-that-fly-in-a-v-formation-use-an-amazing-trick |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222220648/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/birds-that-fly-in-a-v-formation-use-an-amazing-trick |archive-date=February 22, 2021 |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref> Using [[great white pelican]]s as a model species, researchers showed that flying in a V formation increased the aerodynamics of trailing birds, thus requiring fewer wing flaps to stay aloft and lowering individuals' heartrates.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Weimerskirch |first1=Henri |last2=Martin |first2=Julien |last3=Clerquin |first3=Yannick |last4=Alexandre |first4=Peggy |last5=Jiraskova |first5=Sarka |date=2001 |title=Energy Saving in Flight Formation |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/35099670 |journal=Nature |volume=413 |issue=6857 |pages=697–698|doi=10.1038/35099670 |pmid=11607019 |bibcode=2001Natur.413..697W }}</ref> Leading geese switch positions on longer flights to allow for multiple individuals to gain benefits from the less energy-intensive trailing positions; in family groups, parental birds almost always lead.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mirzaeinia |first1=A. |last2=Heppner |first2=F. |last3=Hassanalian |first3=M. |date=2020 |title=An analytical study on leader and follower switching in V-shaped Canada Goose flocks for energy management purposes |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11721-020-00179-x |journal=Swarm Intelligence |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=117–141|doi=10.1007/s11721-020-00179-x }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Koelzch |first1=A. |last2=Flack |first2=A. |last3=Mueskens |first3=G.J.D.M. |last4=Kruckenberg |first4=H. |last5=Glazov |first5=P. |last6=Wikelski |first6=M. |date=2020 |title=Goose parents lead migration V |journal=Journal of Avian Biology |volume=51 |issue=3|doi=10.1111/jav.02392 |doi-access=free }}</ref>