Editing Glossop (section)

====Mills====
The first mills in Glossop were woollen mills. In 1774, [[Richard Arkwright]] opened a mill at [[Cromford]]. He developed the [[factory system]] and patented machines for spinning cotton and [[carding]]. In 1785, his patents expired and many people copied Arkwright's system and his patents, exemplified by the [[Derwent Valley Mills]]. By 1788 there were over 200 Arkwright-type mills in Britain.<ref>{{Citation |title=Nomination of the Derwent Valley Mills for inscription on the World Heritage List |publisher=Derwent Valley Mills Partnership |year=2000 |pages=28, 94–97 }}</ref> At the same time there were 17 [[cotton mill]]s in Derbyshire, principally in Glossop. By 1831 there were at least 30 mills in Glossopdale, none of which had more than 1,000 spindles. The mill owners were local men: the Wagstaffs and Hadfields were freeholders from [[Whitfield, Derbyshire|Whitfield]]; the Shepleys, Shaws, Lees, Garlicks and Platts had farmed the dale. The Sidebottoms were from [[Hadfield, Derbyshire|Hadfield]], the Thornleys were carpenters and John Bennet and John Robinson were clothiers.<ref name=birch/>
[[John Wood (millowner)|John Wood]] of [[Marsden, West Yorkshire|Marsden]] came from Manchester in 1819 and bought existing woollen mills which he expanded. These were the Howard Town mills. [[Francis Sumner (mayor)|Francis Sumner]] was a [[Catholic]] whose family had connections with Matthew Ellison, Howard's agent. He built Wren Nest Mill. The Sidebottoms built the Waterside Mill at Hadfield. In 1825, John Wood installed the first steam engine and [[power loom]]s. Sumner and Sidebottom followed suit and the three mills, Wren Nest, Howardtown and Waterside, became very large vertical combines (a vertical combine was a mill that both spun the yarn and then used it to weave cloth). With the other major families, the Shepleys, Rhodes and Platts, they dominated the dale. In 1884, the six had 82% of the spinning capacity with 892,000 spindles and 13,571 looms. Glossop was a town of very large calico mills. The [[Glossop Tramway]] was opened in 1903 to connect workers to the various mills along the main routes between Glossop and Hadfield.

The calico printing factory of [[Edmund Potter]] (located in Dinting Vale) in the 1850s printed 2½ million pieces of printed calico, of which 80% was for export. The paper industry was created by [[Edward Partington, 1st Baron Doverdale|Edward Partington]] who, as Olive and Partington, bought the Turn Lee Mill in 1874 to produce high-quality paper from wood pulp by the [[Sulfite process|sulphite method]]. He expanded rapidly with mills in [[Salford]] and [[Barrow-in-Furness]]. He merged with Kellner of [[Vienna]] and was created [[Edward Partington, 1st Baron Doverdale|Lord Doverdale]] in 1917. He died in 1925; his factories in Charlestown created nearly 1,000 jobs.<ref name=birch/>