Editing Glossary of chess (section)

==F==
{{glossary}}

{{term|term= family fork|content= family fork {{anchor|Family fork|family forks|family check|family checks}} }}
{{defn|defn= A knight [[#fork|fork]] that simultaneously attacks the enemy king (giving [[#check|check]]), queen, and possibly other pieces. Also known as a ''family check''.<ref name="Pandolfini 1989, p. 225">Pandolfini 1989, p. 225</ref>}}

{{term|term= FAN|content= FAN {{anchor|FAN}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for [[Chess notation#Notation systems|figurine algebraic notation]], which substitutes symbols for letters to represent piece names (e.g. ♘f3 instead of Nf3).<ref>Soltis 2002, p. 71</ref>}}

{{term|term= fast chess|content= [[fast chess]] {{anchor|Fast chess}} }}
{{defn|defn= A form of chess in which both sides are given less time to make their moves than under the normal tournament [[#time control|time controls]]. See also ''[[#rapid chess|rapid chess]]'', ''[[#blitz chess|blitz chess]]'', and ''[[#bullet chess|bullet chess]]''.}}

{{term|term= FEN|content= FEN {{anchor|FEN}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for [[#Forsyth–Edwards Notation|Forsyth–Edwards Notation]].}}

{{term|term= FGM|content= FGM {{anchor|FGM}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for the [[#FICGS Grandmaster|FICGS Grandmaster]] title.}}

{{term|term= fianchetto|content= [[fianchetto]] {{anchor|Fianchetto|fianchettos|fiachetti|fianchettoing|fianchettoed}} }}
{{defn|defn= To [[#development|develop]] a [[#bishop|bishop]] to the board's longest diagonal on the file of the adjacent knight (b2 or g2 for White; b7 or g7 for Black). The fianchetto of both bishops by a player is called a ''double fianchetto''. Less common is to develop a bishop to the rook's file (a3 or h3 for White; a6 or h6 for Black), called ''extended fianchetto''.<ref name="OCC_p133">Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 133</ref> The Italian word ("little flank") is pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˌ|f|i|ə|n|ˈ|k|ɛ|t|oʊ}} or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|f|i|ə|n|ˈ|tʃ|ɛ|t|oʊ}} in English, while its name sounds like {{IPA|it|fjaŋˈketto|}} in Italian.<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 433">Silman 1999, p. 433</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Fianchetto |encyclopedia=Dizionario Italiano |url=https://www.dizionario-italiano.it/dizionario-italiano.php?parola=fianchetto |access-date=2 March 2022 }}</ref>}}

{{term|term= FICGS Grandmaster|content= FICGS Grandmaster {{anchor|FICGS Grandmaster}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#correspondence chess|correspondence chess]] title calculated by the FICGS (Free Internet Correspondence Games Server) organization.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ficgs.com/membership.html#titles |title=FICGS correspondence chess titles }}</ref>}}

{{term|term= FIDE|content= [[FIDE]] {{anchor|FIDE}} }}
{{defn|defn= The World Chess Federation (Fédération Internationale des Échecs), the primary international chess organizing and governing body. The abbreviated name FIDE is nearly always used in place of the full name in French.<ref name="Pan_1996_p108">Pandolfini 1996, p. 108</ref>}}

{{term|term= FIDE Master|content= [[FIDE Master]] {{anchor|FIDE Master|FIDE master|FIDE Masters}} }}
{{defn|defn= A chess title ranking below [[#International Master|International Master]].<ref>Ashley 2007, p. 232</ref> Abbr. FM.}}

{{term|term= FIDE rating|content= FIDE rating {{anchor|FIDE rating|FIDE ratings}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#Elo rating system|Elo rating system]]''.}}

{{term|term= fifty-move rule|content= [[fifty-move rule]] {{anchor|Fifty-move rule}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#draw|draw]] may be claimed if no capture or pawn move has occurred in the last fifty moves by either side.<ref>Pandolfini 1988, p. 16</ref> For the occurrence of seventy-five such moves, see ''[[#seventy-five-move_rule|seventy-five-move rule]]''.}}

{{Chess diagram small
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|The f-file
}}
{{term|term= file|content= file {{anchor|File|files|Files}} }}
{{defn|defn= A column of squares of the [[#chessboard|chessboard]]. A specific file can be named either using its position in [[#algebraic notation|algebraic notation]], a–h, or by using its position in [[#descriptive notation|descriptive notation]]. For example, "f-file" and "king bishop file" both denote the squares f1–f8 (or KB1–KB8 in descriptive notation).<ref name=Pan_1996_p108 />}}

{{term|term= fingerfehler|content= fingerfehler {{anchor|Fingerfehler}} }}
{{defn|defn= [from German, "finger mistake"] An error caused by unthinkingly touching the wrong piece or releasing a piece on the wrong square, forcing the player to move that piece in accordance with the [[#touch-move rule|touch-move rule]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/04/style/pastimes-chess.html |last=Byrne |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Byrne (chess player) |title=Pastimes; Chess |publisher={{em|The New York Times}} |date=4 November 1990 }}</ref>}}

{{term|term= first board|content= first board {{anchor|First board|first boards}} }}
{{defn|defn= In team chess, the player who is assigned to face the strongest opponents. Also called ''top board'' and ''board one''. Second board faces the next strongest players, followed by third board, and so on. Generally board assignments must be made before the competition begins. Players may not switch boards, although reserve players are often allowed as substitutes.}}

{{term|term= first-move advantage|content= [[First-move advantage in chess|first-move advantage]] {{anchor|First-move advantage}} }}
{{defn|defn= The slight (by most accounts) advantage that [[#White|White]] has by virtue of moving first.<ref name=Pan_1996_p108 />}}

{{term|term= first player|content= first player {{anchor|First player|first players}} }}
{{defn|defn= The expression "the first player" is sometimes used to refer to [[#White|White]].}}

{{term|term= first rank|content= first rank {{anchor|First rank|first ranks}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#home rank|home rank]]''.}}

{{term|term= Fischer delay|content= Fischer delay {{anchor|Fischer delay}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#time control|time control]] method with [[#time delay|time delay]], invented by [[Bobby Fischer]]. When it becomes a player's turn to move, the delay is added to the player's remaining time.<ref>Olafsson 2014, p. 80</ref>}}

{{term|term= Fischerandom |content= Fischerandom {{anchor|Fischerandom|Fischerandom chess|Fischerandom Chess}} }}
{{defn|defn= The name given by [[Bobby Fischer]] for the [[#chess variant|variation of chess]] he invented. See ''[[#Chess960|Chess960]]''.}}

{{term|term= Fischer Random Chess |content= Fischer Random Chess {{anchor|Fischer Random Chess|Fischer random chess}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#Chess960|Chess960]]''.}}

{{term|term= fish|content= fish {{anchor|Fish|fishes}} }}
{{defn|defn= [derogatory slang] A weak or easily defeated player or players. See also ''[[#woodpusher|woodpusher]]''.}}

{{term|term= fivefold repetition|content= [[Threefold repetition#Fivefold repetition rule|fivefold repetition]] {{anchor|Fivefold repetition}} }}
{{defn|defn= A game is drawn if the same position occurs five times, with specific meaning of occurrence as under [[#threefold repetition|threefold repetition]].{{refn|Article 9.6.1 in FIDE Laws of Chess<ref name="FideLawsOfChess"/>}}}}

{{term|term= five-minute chess|content= five-minute chess {{anchor|Five-minute chess}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#blitz chess|blitz chess]]''.}}

{{term|term= flag|content= flag {{anchor|Flag|flags}} }}
{{defn|defn= Part of an analogue [[#chess clock|chess clock]], usually red, that indicates when the minute hand passes the hour. To "flag" someone means winning the game on the basis of the opponent exceeding the [[#time control|time control]].<ref name=Pan_1996_p108 />}}

{{term|term= flag-fall|content= flag-fall {{anchor|Flag-fall|flag fall|flag-falls}} }}
{{defn|defn= The event when the allotted time of a player has just expired; the player has run out of time.<ref name="FideLawsOfChess"/>}}

{{term|term= flank|content= flank {{anchor|Flank|flanks}} }}
{{defn|defn= The [[#queenside|queenside]] a-, b-, and c-files; or the [[#kingside|kingside]] f-, g-, and h-files. Distinguished from the [[#center|center]] d- and e-files.<ref>Seirawan & Silman 1994, p. 189</ref> Also called ''wing''.}}

{{term|term= flank opening|content= [[flank opening]] {{anchor|Flank opening|flank openings}} }}
{{defn|defn= An [[#opening|opening]] played by [[#White|White]] and typified by play on one or both [[#flank|flanks]].<ref>Pandolfini 1992, p. 234</ref>}}

{{term|term= flight square|content= [[flight square]] {{anchor|Flight square|flight squares}} }}
{{defn|defn= A square to which a piece can move, that allows it to escape attack.<ref name="Pandolfini 1989, p. 225">Pandolfini 1989, p. 225</ref> Also called ''escape square''. See also ''[[#luft|luft]]''.}}

{{term|term= FM|content= FM {{anchor|FM|FMs}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for the [[#FIDE Master|FIDE Master]] title.}}

{{term|term= FOA|content= FOA {{anchor|FOA}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for the [[FIDE Online Arena]].}}

[[File:fools mate animation.gif|frame|right|Fool's mate]]

{{term|term= Fool's mate|content= [[Fool's mate]] {{anchor|Fool's mate|fool's mate|Fool's mates|fool's mates|Fool's checkmate|fool's checkmate}} }}
{{defn|defn= The shortest possible chess game ending in [[#checkmate|mate]]: 1.f3 e5 2.g4 Qh4# (or minor variations on this).<ref name="Staunton 2014, p. 58">Staunton 2014, p. 58</ref>}}

{{term|term= forced mate|content= forced mate {{anchor|Forced mate|forced mates|forced checkmate|forced checkmates}} }}
{{defn|defn= A sequence of two or more moves culminating in [[#checkmate|checkmate]] that the opponent cannot prevent.<ref>Pandolfini 1988, p. 47</ref>}}

{{term|term= forced move|content= forced move {{anchor|Forced move|forced moves}} }}
{{defn|defn= A move that is the only one to not result in a serious disadvantage for the moving player. ''Forced'' can also be used to describe a sequence of moves for which the player has no viable alternative, for example "the forced win of a piece" or "a forced checkmate". In these cases the player cannot avoid the loss of a piece or checkmate, respectively.<ref name="Staunton 2014, p. 58">Staunton 2014, p. 58</ref> Cf. ''[[#forcing move|forcing move]]''.}}

{{term|term= forced win|content= forced win {{anchor|Forced win|forced wins}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#win|win]] guaranteed by a series of [[#forcing move|forcing move]]s.}}

{{term|term= forcing move|content= forcing move {{anchor|Forcing move|forcing moves}} }}
{{defn|defn= A move that presents a threat and limits the opponent's responses.<ref>Hendriks 2014, pp. 161–62</ref> Cf. ''[[#forced move|forced move]]''.}}

{{term|term= forfeit|content= forfeit {{anchor|Forfeit|forfeits}} }} <!-- [[Forfeit (chess)]] redirects here and is used on DAB page [[Forfeit]] (courtesy note as per [[WP:LINK#Piped links to sections]]) -->
{{defn|defn= Refers to losing the game by breaking rules, by absence or by exceeding the [[#time control|time control]] (forfeit on time).<ref>United States Chess Federation 2003, pp. xxvii, 29, 34, 64, 69</ref>}}

{{term|term= fork|content= [[Fork (chess)|fork]] {{anchor|Fork|forks|forked|forking}} }}
{{defn|defn= A simultaneous attack by a single piece on two (or more) of the opponent's pieces (or other direct target, such as a [[#checkmate|mate]] threat). When the attacker is a [[#knight|knight]] the tactic is often specifically called a ''knight fork''. Some sources state that only a knight can give a fork and that the term ''[[#double attack|double attack]]'' is correct when another piece is involved, but this usage is rare.<ref name="Staunton 2014, p. 59">Staunton 2014, p. 59</ref>}}

{{term|term= Forsyth–Edwards Notation|content= [[Forsyth–Edwards Notation]] {{anchor|Forsyth–Edwards Notation}} }}
{{defn|defn= A standard notation for describing a particular board position of a chess game. The purpose of FEN notation is to provide all the necessary information to restart a game from a particular position.<ref>Brown 2012, p. 241</ref><ref>Moore 2015, p. 77</ref> Abbr. FEN.}}

{{term|term= fortress|content= [[Fortress (chess)|fortress]] {{anchor|Fortress|fortresses}} }}
{{defn|defn= In [[#endgame|endgame theory]], a fortress is an impenetrable position which, if obtained by the side with a material disadvantage, may result in a [[#draw|draw]] due to the stronger side's inability to make progress.<ref>Soltis 2014, p. 31</ref>}}

{{term|term= frame |content= frame {{anchor|Frame|frames}} }}
{{defn|defn= A square region of the board enclosing another region not part of the given frame, akin to a [[picture frame]]. Also referred to as a ''ring''.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Maurice Ashley |last=Ashley |first=Maurice |title=The Most Valuable Skills in Chess |year=2009 |publisher=Gambit |isbn=9781904600879 |pages=15–16 }}</ref> The outer frame consists of the 28 squares along the edge of the board, the middle frame consists of the 20 squares just inside the outer frame, and the inner frame consists of the 12 squares just inside the middle frame.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 144</ref> The notion of the frame may be expanded to include the [[#center|center]] itself as the innermost frame. The [[#mobility|mobility]] of pieces is closely related to the frame on which they stand. In general, a piece closer to the center has greater freedom of movement than a piece closer to the edge of the board.}}

{{term|term= friendly game|content= friendly game {{anchor|Friendly game|friendly games}} }}
{{defn|defn= A game that is not played as part of a [[#match|match]], [[#tournament|tournament]], or [[#exhibition|exhibition]]. Often the game is not [[#time control|timed]], but if a [[#chess clock|chess clock]] is used, [[#fast chess|rapid time controls]] are common. The term refers only to the circumstances in which the game is played, not the relationship between the players or the intensity of the competition.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 145</ref> Also called ''casual game'' and ''informal game''.}}

{{term|term= frontier line|content= frontier line {{anchor|Frontier line}} }}
{{defn|defn= An imaginary line dividing the board into two halves, passing between the fourth and fifth [[#rank|ranks]].<ref name="EvansNew">{{cite book |last=Evans |first=Larry |author-link=Larry Evans (chess player) |title=New Ideas in Chess |year=2011 |publisher=Cardoza |isbn=9781580422741 |page=121 }}</ref><ref name="Horton">{{cite book |last=Horton |first=Byrne J. |title=Dictionary of Modern Chess |year=1959 |publisher=Philosophical Library |pages=76–77 }}</ref> The frontier line separates White's side of the board from Black's side.  Coined by [[Aron Nimzowitsch|Nimzowitsch]].<ref name="Nimzo2016">{{cite book |last=Nimzowitsch |first=Aron |author-link=Aron Nimzowitsch |title=My System & Chess Praxis |year=2016 |publisher=[[New in Chess]] |isbn=9789056916596 |page=15 }}</ref><ref name="Pthink">{{cite book |last=Pandolfini |first=Bruce |author-link=Bruce Pandolfini |title=Chess Thinking |year=1995 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |series=Fireside Chess Library |isbn=9780671795023 |pages=30, 114–115, 168 }}</ref>}}

{{glossary end}}