Editing Giuseppe Mazzini (section)

===Late activities===
[[File:Mazzini Letter to Schurz.png|thumb|Last page of a letter from Mazzini to [[Carl Schurz]] when both were in London, 1851]]

Mazzini spent all of 1850 hiding from the Swiss police. In July he founded the association ''Amici di Italia'' ("Friends of Italy") in London, to attract consensus towards the Italian liberation cause. Failed riots in Mantua (1852) and the abortive [[Milan Uprising]] (1853) were a crippling blow for the Mazzinian organization, whose prestige never recovered. He later opposed the alliance signed by Savoy with Austria for the [[Crimean War]]. Also in vain was the expedition of [[Felice Orsini]] in Carrara of 1853–1854.

In 1856, he returned to Genoa to organize a series of uprisings: the only serious attempt was that of [[Carlo Pisacane]] in Calabria, which again met a disappointing end. Mazzini managed to escape the police but was condemned to death by default. From this moment on, Mazzini was more of a spectator than a protagonist of the [[Unification of Italy|Italian Risorgimento]], whose reins were now strongly in the hands of the Savoyard monarch [[Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia|Victor Emmanuel II]] and his skilled prime minister, [[Camillo Benso, Conte di Cavour]]. The latter defined him as "Chief of the Assassins".

[[File:Genova-Staglieno-Tomba di Mazzini-DSCF8994.JPG|thumb|left|Mausoleum of Mazzini in the [[Staglieno cemetery]] of Genoa]]
In 1858, he founded another journal in London called ''Pensiero e azione'' ("Thought and Action"). On 21 February 1859, together with 151 republicans, he signed a manifesto against the alliance between Piedmont and the Emperor of France which resulted in the [[Second War of Italian Independence]] and the conquest of Lombardy. On 2 May 1860, he tried to reach Garibaldi, who was going to launch his famous [[Expedition of the Thousand]]<ref>Which, apparently, was to follow a plan previously devised by Mazzini himself.</ref> in southern Italy. In the same year, he released ''Doveri dell'uomo'' ("Duties of Man"), a synthesis of his moral, political and social thoughts. In mid-September, he was in Naples, then under Garibaldi's dictatorship, but was invited by the local vice-dictator Giorgio Pallavicino to move away.

The new [[Kingdom of Italy]] was created in 1861 under the Savoy monarchy. In 1862, Mazzini joined Garibaldi in his failed attempt to free Rome. In 1866, Italy joined the [[Austro-Prussian War]] and gained [[Venetia (region)|Venetia]]. At this time, Mazzini frequently spoke out against how the unification of his country was being achieved. In 1867, he refused a seat in the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Italian Chamber of Deputies]]. In 1870, he tried to start a rebellion in Sicily and was arrested and imprisoned in Gaeta. In October, he was freed in the amnesty declared after the Kingdom [[Capture of Rome|finally took Rome]] and returned to London in mid-December.

Mazzini died of [[pleurisy]] at the house known now as Domus Mazziniana in Pisa in 1872, aged 66. His body was embalmed by [[Paolo Gorini]]. His funeral was held in Genoa, with 100,000 people taking part in it.