Editing Ghetto (section)

=== In Denmark ===
{{Main|Vulnerable residential area (Denmark)}}

During the period 2010–2021,<ref name="BL">[https://bl.dk/politik-og-analyser/temaer/her-er-listen-over-parallelsamfund/ Danmarks Almene Boliger. ''Ghettolisten eller Parallelsamfundslisterne.''] (in Danish) Retrieved 28 April 2022.</ref> the word ''ghetto'' was used officially by the Danish government to describe certain officially designated vulnerable [[social housing]] areas in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- Not stated --> |date=May 2013 |title=UDSATTE BOLIGOMRÅDER — DE NÆSTE SKRIDT |url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20121/almdel/UUI/bilag/102/1247356.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630133059/https://www.ft.dk/samling/20121/almdel/UUI/bilag/102/1247356.pdf |archive-date=2019-06-30 |website=ft.dk |publisher=The Immigration and Integration Affairs Committee of the Danish Parliament}} (in Danish).</ref><ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news |last=Nielson |first=Emil Gjerding |title=In Danish 'ghettos', immigrants feel stigmatized and shut out |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration-widerimage/in-danish-ghettos-immigrants-feel-stigmatized-and-shut-out-idUSKCN1IU1DS |access-date=2018-07-04 |work=U.S. |language=en-US}}</ref> The designation was applied to areas based on the residents' income levels, employment status, education levels, criminal convictions and proportion of non-Western immigrants and their descendants.<ref name="NPR">{{Cite news |title=In Denmark's Plan To Rid Country Of 'Ghettos,' Some Immigrants Hear 'Go Home' |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/03/30/593979013/in-denmark-s-plan-to-rid-country-of-ghettos-some-immigrants-hear-go-home?t=1530707460545 |access-date=2018-07-04 |work=NPR.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Ellen |last2=Sorensen |first2=Martin Selsoe |date=2 July 2018 |title=In Denmark, Harsh New Laws for Immigrant 'Ghettos' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/world/europe/denmark-immigrant-ghettos.html |access-date=2018-07-04 |newspaper=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{Cite news |date=2018-02-27 |title=Danes to double penalty for ghetto crime |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-43214596 |access-date=2018-07-04 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> The term was controversial during its period of use and was finally removed in 2021.<ref name="BL" />

In 2010, the [[Ministry of Transport (Denmark)|Danish Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing]] introduced an official listing of vulnerable social housing districts where the inhabitants fulfilled certain criteria. The list has informally and at times formally been called ''Ghettolisten'' (the 'List of Ghettos'). Since 2010, the list has been updated annually, with changes in the definition and/or terminology in 2013, 2018 and 2021.<ref name="BL" />

In 2018, the Danish government at the time, led by Prime Minister [[Lars Løkke Rasmussen]], announced its intention to "end the existence of [[Parallel society|parallel societies]] and ghettos by 2030."<ref name="BBC" /><ref name="localDK">{{Cite news |date=2018-02-28 |title=Here's what we know about Denmark's 'ghetto plan' |url=https://www.thelocal.dk/20180228/heres-what-we-know-about-denmarks-ghetto-plan |access-date=2018-07-04 |language=en}}</ref> A number of measures was introduced to solve the issue of [[Social integration|integration]], including policies like 25 hours of obligatory daycare or corresponding parent supervision per week for children in the appointed areas starting age 1, lowering social welfare for residents, incentives for reducing unemployment, demolition and rebuilding of certain tenements, rights for landlords to refuse housing to convicts, etc.<ref name="localDK" /><ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine |title=What to Know About Denmark's Plan to End Immigrant "Ghettos" |url=https://time.com/5328347/denmark-ghettos-policies/ |access-date=2018-07-04 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Reuters" /><ref name="NYT" /> The policies have been criticized for undercutting 'equality before law' and for portraying immigrants, especially Muslim immigrants, in a bad light.<ref name="NPR" /><ref>{{Cite news |title="No ghettos in 2030": Denmark's controversial plan to get rid of immigrant neighborhoods |url=https://www.vox.com/world/2018/7/3/17525960/denmark-children-immigrant-muslim-danish-ghetto |access-date=2018-07-04 |work=Vox}}</ref>

The term "ghetto" was controversial during the period of its usage, inhabitants feeling stigmatized by the wording<ref name="dybvad">{{cite news |date=8 July 2019 |title=Ny boligminister vil undgå ordet 'ghetto' |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/politik/ny-boligminister-vil-undga-ordet-ghetto |access-date=28 January 2023 |publisher=[[DR (broadcaster)|DR]]}}</ref> and researchers pointing out that the areas in question were typically inhabited by 20-40 different ethnic minorities, hence being diametrically opposed to the ethnic homogeneity of the original ghettos, so that multi-ethnic residential areas would be a more appropriate term.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 October 2010 |title=Ghetto - et ord med betydning |url=https://www.b.dk/kronikker/ghetto-et-ord-med-betydning |access-date=28 January 2023 |publisher=[[Berlingske]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=1 December 2016 |title=Forsker: Udsatte boligområder kan være en fordel for integrationen |url=https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/danmark/forsker-udsatte-boligomraader-kan-vaere-en-fordel-integrationen |access-date=28 January 2023 |publisher=[[Kristeligt Dagblad]]}}</ref>

In June 2019 a new [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|social democratic]] [[Frederiksen I Cabinet|government]] was formed in Denmark, with [[Kaare Dybvad]] becoming housing minister. He stated that the new government would stop using the word "ghetto" for vulnerable housing areas, as it was both imprecise and derogatory.<ref>[https://politiken.dk/debat/art7298118/Her-er-hadeordene-der-skal-d%C3%B8-sammen-med-ghetto Politiken. ''Fem debattører: Her er hadeordene, der skal dø sammen med 'ghetto'.''] (in Danish)</ref> In a 2021 reform, the name was finally removed in legal texts by Parliament. Instead, a new category called "parallel societies" was instituted.<ref name="BL" />