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===Vowels=== {| class="wikitable" |+ Vowel phonemes<ref name=":5">{{Harvcoltxt|Testelets|2020|p=497}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Harvcoltxt|Putkaradze|Mikautadze|2014|p=53}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Harvcoltxt|Hewitt|1987|p=19}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> ! ! [[Front vowel|Front]] ![[Central vowel|Central]] ! [[Back vowel|Back]] |- style="text-align: center;" ! [[Close vowel|Close]] | {{IPA link|i}} {{lang|ka|แ}} | | {{IPA link|u}} {{lang|ka|แฃ}} |- style="text-align: center;" ! [[Mid vowel|Mid]] | {{IPA link|e}} {{lang|ka|แ}} | | {{IPA link|o}} {{lang|ka|แ}} |- style="text-align: center;" ! [[Open vowel|Open]] | | {{IPA link|a}} {{lang|ka|แ}} | |}Per Canepari, the main realizations of the vowels are [{{IPA link|i}}], [{{IPA link|eฬ}}], [{{IPA link|รค}}], [{{IPA link|oฬ}}], [{{IPA link|u}}].<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Canepari|2007|p=385}}</ref> Aronson describes their realizations as [{{IPA link|iฬ}}], [{{IPA link|eฬ}}], [{{IPA link|รค}}] (but "slightly fronted"), [{{IPA link|oฬ}}], [{{IPA link|uฬ}}].<ref name=":3">{{Harvcoltxt|Aronson|1990|p=18}}</ref> Shosted transcribed one speaker's pronunciation more-or-less consistently with [{{IPA link|i}}], [{{IPA link|ษ}}], [{{IPA link|ษ}}], [{{IPA link|ษ}}], [{{IPA link|u}}].<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|p=262}}</ref> Allophonically, [{{IPA link|ษ}}] may be inserted to break up consonant clusters, as in {{IPA|/dษกas/}} {{IPA|[dษษกรคs]}}.<ref>{{Cite conference |last=McCoy |first=Priscilla |date=1999 |title=Harmony and Sonority in Georgian |url=https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS1999/papers/p14_0447.pdf |conference=14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences}}</ref> In casual speech, /i/ preceded or followed by a vowel may be realized as [{{IPA link|iฬฏ}}]~[{{IPA link|j}}].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=แฒแแแแแแแ |first1=แฒกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แฒแแชแแแแ แแแแแ แฒแ แแแแฃแแ |url=https://iverieli.nplg.gov.ge/handle/1234/436653 |title=แฅแแ แแฃแแ แแแ : แแแชแแแแแแแแแ |last2=แฒ แแแแฅแชแแ |first2=แฒฅแแ แแฃแแ แฒแแชแแแแแแแแแแก แฒแ แแแแ แฒแแแจแแซแแก แฒกแแฎแแแแแแก แฒแแแแแ แ แฒกแแแแชแแแแ แ |last3=แฒแแกแขแแขแฃแขแ |first3=แฒแ แแแแ แฒฉแแฅแแแแแแก แฒกแแฎแแแแแแก แฒแแแแแแชแแแแ แแแแก |date=2008 |publisher=แแแแแแกแ |isbn=978-99928-20-34-6 |pages=151โ173 |language=ka}}</ref> Phrase-final unstressed vowels are sometimes partially reduced.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last1=Gamq'relidze |first1=Nana |url=https://www.tsu.ge/data/file_db/faculty_humanities/fonetika%201.pdf |title=แฅแแ แแฃแแ แแแ แแแขแแฃแแ แแ แแแแแแฅแขแฃแ แ แแแขแงแแแแแแแก แคแแแแขแแแฃแ แ แแแแแแแ |last2=K'ot'et'ishvili |first2=Shota |last3=Lezhava |first3=Ivane |last4=Lortkipanidze |first4=Luiza |last5=Javakhidze |first5=L |date=2006 |publisher=Nek'eri |location=Tbilisi |pages=6 |language=ka |trans-title=A phonetic analysis of Georgian normative and dialectal speech}}</ref>
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