Editing Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (section)

====Heidelberg, Berlin (1816–1831)====
[[File:Hegel- Inaugural Oration on Assuming the Rectorship at the University of Berlin.webm|thumb|Hegel's ''Inaugural Oration on Assuming the Rectorship at the University of Berlin''; delivered in Latin, with English subtitles]] Having received offers of a post from the Universities of [[University of Erlangen-Nuremberg|Erlangen]], [[Humboldt University of Berlin|Berlin]] and [[Heidelberg University|Heidelberg]], Hegel chose Heidelberg, where he moved in 1816. Soon after, his illegitimate son Ludwig Fischer (now ten years old) joined the Hegel household in April 1817, having spent time in an orphanage after the death of his mother Christiana Burkhardt.{{sfn|Pinkard|2000|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GHWJQhWRNy0C&pg=PA354&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false 354–56]}} In 1817, Hegel published ''The Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline'' as a summary of his philosophy for students attending his lectures at Heidelberg.<ref name="Knox2022"/>{{sfn|Redding|2020}} It is also while in Heidelberg that Hegel first lectured on the philosophy of art.{{sfn|Beiser|2005|p=16}} In 1818, Hegel accepted the renewed offer of the chair of philosophy at the University of Berlin, which had remained vacant since [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]]'s death in 1814. Here, Hegel published his ''Elements of the Philosophy of Right'' (1821). Hegel devoted himself primarily to delivering lectures; his lectures on the philosophy of fine art, the philosophy of religion, the philosophy of history, and the history of philosophy were published posthumously from students' notes. In spite of his notoriously terrible delivery, his fame spread and his lectures attracted students from all over Germany and beyond.{{sfn|Beiser|2005|p=17}} Meanwhile, Hegel and his pupils, such as [[Leopold von Henning]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Carové]], were harassed and put under the surveillance of [[Wilhelm Ludwig Sayn-Wittgenstein|Prince Sayn-Wittgenstein]], the interior minister of Prussia and his reactionary circles in the Prussian court.{{sfn|Beiser|2005|p=222}}<ref name="D'Hondt">{{cite book |last1=D'Hondt |first1=Jacques |title=Hegel en son Temps (BERLIN, 1818–1831) |date=1968}}</ref><ref name="Cowley">{{cite web |last1=Cowley |first1=Stephen |title=Hegel in Berlin – Jacques D'Hondt |url=https://hegel.net/en/hegel-in-berlin-jacques-dhondt.htm |access-date=8 December 2022 |date=2016}}</ref> In the remainder of his career, he made two trips to [[Weimar]], where he met with Goethe for the last time, and to [[Brussels]], the [[Northern Netherlands]], Leipzig, [[Vienna]], Prague, and Paris.{{sfn|Siep|2021|p=xxi}}

[[File:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Dorotheenstädtischer Friedhof - Berlin, Germany - DSC00377.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|Hegel's tombstone in Berlin]]
During the last ten years of his life, Hegel did not publish another book but thoroughly revised the ''Encyclopedia'' (second edition, 1827; third, 1830). In his political philosophy, he criticized [[Karl Ludwig von Haller]]'s reactionary work, which claimed that laws were not necessary. A number of other works on the [[philosophy of history]], [[Philosophy of religion|religion]], [[aesthetics]] and the [[history of philosophy]]{{sfn|Hegel|1996}} were compiled from the lecture notes of his students and published posthumously.{{sfn|Kaufmann|1959|pages=372–73}}

Hegel was appointed University [[Rector (academia)|Rector]] of the university in October 1829, but his term ended in September 1830. Hegel was deeply disturbed by the riots for reform in Berlin in that year. In 1831 [[Frederick William III of Prussia|Frederick William III]] decorated him with the [[Order of the Red Eagle]], 3rd Class for his service to the Prussian state.{{sfn|Siep|2021|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=pk5kAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=cs&pg=PR22&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false xxii]}} In August 1831, a [[cholera]] [[1826–1837 cholera pandemic|epidemic]] reached Berlin and Hegel left the city, taking up lodgings in [[Kreuzberg]]. Now in a weak state of health, Hegel seldom went out. As the new semester began in October, Hegel returned to Berlin in the mistaken belief that the epidemic had largely subsided. By 14 November, Hegel was dead.<ref name="Knox2022"/> The physicians pronounced the cause of death as cholera, but it is likely he died from another gastrointestinal disease.{{sfn|Pinkard|2000}} His last words are said to have been, "There was only one man who ever understood me, and even he didn't understand me."{{sfn|Heine|1834|p=221}} He was buried on 16 November. In accordance with his wishes, Hegel was buried in the [[Dorotheenstadt cemetery]] next to Fichte and [[Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger]].{{sfn|Pinkard|2000|pp=659–70}}

Hegel's illegitimate son, Ludwig Fischer, had died shortly before while serving with the Dutch army in [[Jakarta|Batavia]] and the news of his death never reached his father.{{sfn|Pinkard|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GHWJQhWRNy0C&pg=PA548&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false 548]}} Early the following year, Hegel's sister Christiane committed suicide by drowning. Hegel's two remaining sons – [[Karl von Hegel|Karl]], who became a historian; and {{Interlanguage link|Immanuel Hegel|de|3=Immanuel Hegel|lt=Immanuel}}, who followed a theological path – lived long and safeguarded their father's [[Nachlaß|manuscripts and letters]], and produced editions of his works.{{sfn|Pinkard|2000|pp=663–64}}