Editing General American English (section)

===T and D flapping===
{{main|Flapping}}
{{Listen
| header = ''T''-glottalization and flapping
| plain = yes
| style = float: right; border: 1px solid lightgray;
| filename = en-us-mountain.ogg
| title = ''mountain'' (glottalized ''t'')
| description = {{IPA|[ˈmaʊnʔn̩]}}
| filename2 = en-us-partner.ogg
| title2 = ''partner'' (glottalized ''t'')
| description2 = {{IPA|[ˈpʰɑɹʔnɚ]}}
| filename3 = en-us-leader.ogg
| title3 = ''leader'' (''d''-flapping)
| description3 = {{IPA|[ˈɫiɾɚ]}}
| filename4 = en-us-cattle.ogg
| title4 = ''cattle'' (''t''-flapping)
| description4 = {{IPA|[ˈkʰæɾɫ̩]}}
| filename5 = en-us-party.ogg
| title5 = ''party'' (''t''-flapping)
| description5 = {{IPA|[ˈpʰɑɹɾi]}}
}}
{{listen
| plain = yes
| style = float: right; border: 1px solid lightgray;
| header = Optional flapping in certain contexts
| filename = En-US relatively.ogg
| title = ''relatively'' without flapping
| description = {{IPA|[ˈɹɛɫɨtʰɪvɫi]}}
| filename2 = En-US relatively (flapped).ogg
| title2 = ''relatively'' with flapping
| description2 = {{IPA|[ˈɹɛɫɨɾɪvɫi]}}
}}

The consonants {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/d/}} become a [[alveolar flap|flap]] {{IPAblink|ɾ|audio=y}} both after a vowel or {{IPA|/r/}} and before an unstressed vowel or a syllabic consonant other than {{IPA|[n̩]}}. Common example words include ''later'' {{IPA|[ˈɫeɪɾɚ]|audio=En-us-later.ogg}}, ''party'' {{IPA|[ˈpʰɑɹɾi]}} and ''model'' {{IPA|[ˈmɑɾ.ɫ̩]}}. Flapping thus results in pairs of words such as ''ladder/latter, metal/medal,'' and ''coating/coding'' being pronounced the same. Flapping of {{IPA|/t/}} or {{IPA|/d/}} before a full stressed vowel is also possible but only if that vowel begins a new word or morpheme, as in ''what is it?'' {{IPA|[wʌɾˈɪzɨʔ]}} and twice in ''not at all'' {{IPA|[nɑɾɨɾˈɔɫ]}}. Other rules apply to flapping, to such a complex degree in fact that flapping has been analyzed as being required in certain contexts, prohibited in others, and optional in still others.<ref>Vaux, Bert (2000_. "Flapping in English." ''Linguistic Society of America'', Chicago, IL. p .6.</ref> For instance, flapping is prohibited in words like ''seduce'' {{IPA|[sɨˈdus]}}, ''retail'' {{IPA|[ˈɹitʰeɪɫ]}}, and ''monotone'' {{IPA|[ˈmɑnɨtʰoʊn]}}, yet optional in ''impotence'' {{IPA|[ˈɪmpɨɾɨns, ˈɪmpɨtʰɨns]}}.

Both intervocalic {{IPA|/nt/}} and {{IPA|/n/}} may commonly be realized as {{IPAblink|ɾ̃}} (a nasalized [[alveolar flap]]) ([[flapping]]) or simply {{IPA|[n]}}, making ''winter'' a [[homophone]] with ''winner'' in fast or informal speech.