Editing Franz Marc (section)

== Nazi Germany and the seizure of so-called "degenerate" art ==
After the [[National Socialists]] took power, they suppressed modern art; in 1936 and 1937, the Nazis condemned the late Marc as an ''entarteter Künstler'' (degenerate artist) and ordered approximately 130 of his works removed from exhibition in German museums. The ''Blue Horses'' was auctioned off at the infamous [[Theodor Fischer (auctioneer)|Theodor Fischer]] gallery "[[degenerate art]]" sale in Lucerne, on 29 June 1939, and acquired by the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Liège.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Artdaily|title=Exhibition of works sold by the Germans at the Lucerne auction in 1939 opens in Liege|url=https://artdaily.cc/news/74918/Exhibition-of-works-sold-by-the-Germans-at-the-Lucerne-auction-in-1939-opens-in-Liege#.YDO4P-nPw2w|access-date=22 February 2021|website=artdaily.cc|language=English}}</ref> His painting ''Landscape With Horses'' was discovered in 2012 along with more than a thousand other paintings, in the Munich apartment of [[Cornelius Gurlitt (art collector)|Cornelius Gurlitt]] whose father, [[Hildebrand Gurlitt]], was one of Hitler's four official art dealers of Modernist art the Nazis called "degenerate" which the Nazis sold or traded to raise cash for the Third Reich.<ref name="Gurlitt">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/06/arts/design/in-a-rediscovered-trove-of-art-a-triumph-over-the-nazis-will.html | title=In a Rediscovered Trove of Art, a Triumph Over the Nazis' Will | work=The New York Times | date=5 November 2013 | access-date=8 November 2013 | author=Kimmelman, Michael}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A painting by Franz Marc – Pferde in Landschaft (Horses in Landscape) which was found in the collection of Cornelius Gurlitt.|url=http://art.claimscon.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Marc_Franz_-_Pferde_in_Landschaft-e1416535964463.jpg|access-date=22 February 2021|website=Claims Conference/WRJO Looted Art and Cultural Property Initiative|language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2017, the family of [[Kurt Grawi]] demanded the restitution of Marc's painting ''[[The Foxes (painting)|The Foxes]]'' (1913) from Düsseldorf's Kunstpalast. Grawi, a German Jewish banker who had owned the painting before the Nazis rose to power<ref>{{Cite web|title=Düsseldorf faces Nazi-era claim for Franz Marc's foxes|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/duesseldorf-faces-nazi-era-claim-for-franz-marc-s-foxes|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222224211/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/duesseldorf-faces-nazi-era-claim-for-franz-marc-s-foxes|archive-date=22 December 2017|access-date=22 February 2021|website=www.theartnewspaper.com|date=19 December 2017}}</ref> was arrested on [[Kristallnacht]] and incarcerated in [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp]] in 1938, before he managed to flee to Chile in 1939. The painting passed through [[Galerie Nierendorf]], and William and Charlotte Dieterle, according to the German Lost Art Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=German Lost Art Foundation - Project finder - Provenance Research on Franz Marc's "Foxes" of 1913|url=https://www.kulturgutverluste.de/Content/03_Forschungsfoerderung/Projekt/Stiftung-Museum-Kunstpalast-Duesseldorf/Projekt4_en.html|access-date=15 April 2021|website=www.kulturgutverluste.de}}</ref> In 2021, the German Advisory Commission recommended that the city of Düsseldorf restitute the painting to Grawi's heirs;<ref>{{Cite news|title=German Nazi-looted art panel recommends return of Franz Marc's Foxes to heirs of Jewish banker|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/german-nazi-looted-art-panel-recommends-return-of-franz-marc-s-foxes-to-heirs|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326182234/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/german-nazi-looted-art-panel-recommends-return-of-franz-marc-s-foxes-to-heirs|archive-date=26 March 2021|access-date=29 March 2021|newspaper=The Art Newspaper - International Art News and Events|date=26 March 2021|quote=Grawi's heirs said he sold the painting purely because of his need to finance the family's escape. The advisory commission said in a press statement that a majority of its members—with three dissenters—believed the work should be restituted 'even though the sale was completed outside the National Socialist sphere of influence, and, in the light of information currently available, the payment of a fair price and the opportunity for free disposal are plausible.' The sale was nonetheless 'so closely connected with National Socialist persecution that the location of the event becomes secondary in comparison', the panel said.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Selvin|first=Claire|date=14 April 2021|title=Experts Recommend That German City Return Nazi-Looted Franz Marc Painting|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/nazi-looted-franz-marc-dusseldorf-restitution-1234589769/|access-date=15 April 2021|website=ARTnews.com|language=en-US|quote=The work has been in the Düsseldorf City Art Collection since 1962. Its original owner was the Jewish businessman and banker Kurt Grawi, who bought the painting in 1928 and fled Europe to Chile after being imprisoned at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Germany. In a letter from 1939, Grawi wrote that the sale of Foxes in New York would fund his emigration from Europe.}}</ref> this was done, and the painting was sold at Christie's by Grawi's heirs in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=A timber tiger and a lantern display: Monday's best photos |last=Fidler |first=Matt |newspaper=The Guardian |date=31 January 2022 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/news/gallery/2022/jan/31/a-timber-tiger-and-a-lantern-display-mondays-best-photos}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Restituted Franz Marc 'Foxes' Painting Leads Christie's Shanghai/London Sale |url=https://www.artfixdaily.com/news_feed/2022/03/01/3196-restituted-franz-marc-foxes-painting-leads-christies-shanghai-lon |website=artfixdaily.com |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref>