Editing Foreign relations of Syria (section)

===Asia and Oceania===
Syria's relations with the Arab world were strained by its support for [[Iran]] during the [[Iran–Iraq War]], which began in 1980. With the end of the war in August 1988, Syria began a slow process of reintegration with the other Arab states. In 1989, it joined with the rest of the Arab world in readmitting [[Egypt]] to the 19th [[Arab League]] Summit at [[Casablanca]].

This decision, prompted in part by Syria's need for Arab League support of its own position in [[Lebanon]], marked the end of the Syrian-led opposition to Egypt and the 1977–79 [[Anwar Sadat|Sadat]] initiatives toward [[Israel]], as well as the [[Camp David Accords]]. It coincided with the end of the 10-year Arab subsidy to Syria and other front-line Arab countries pledged at [[Baghdad]] in 1978. Syria re-established full diplomatic relations with Egypt in 1989. In the 1990–1991 [[Gulf War]], Syria joined other Arab states in the US-led multinational coalition against Iraq. In 1998, Syria began a slow rapprochement with Iraq, driven primarily by economic needs. In this period, Syria continued to play an active [[pan-Arab]] role, which intensified as the Israel-Palestine peace process collapsed in September 2000 with the start of the second Palestinian uprising ([[Second Intifada|Intifada]]) against Israel. Though it voted in favor of [[UN Security Council Resolution 1441|UNSCR 1441]] in 2002, Syria was against coalition military action in Iraq in 2003. However, the Syrian government accepted [[UN Security Council Resolution 1483|UNSCR 1483]] (after being absent for the actual vote), which lifted sanctions on Iraq and established a framework to assist the Iraqi people in determining their political future and rebuilding their economy.

After start of the war in 2011, much of the Middle East condemned Syria's handling of the civil uprising, with only a few countries in the Middle East supporting Syria, most notably Iran, Iraq and Lebanon.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Abkhazia}}||4 September 2018||{{small|See [[Abkhazia–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria has an embassy in [[Sukhumi]]. 
*Abkhazia had an embassy in Damascus. Personnel were withdrawn on 15 December 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://meduza.io/en/news/2024/12/16/russia-evacuates-some-embassy-staff-from-damascus | title=Russia evacuates some embassy staff from Damascus }}</ref>
*The status of Syria's relationship with Abkhazia is presently unknown following the [[fall of the al-Assad regime]] on 8 December 2024.
|-
|{{Flag|Afghanistan}}|| 18 November 1951||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 November 1951 when has been accredited Chargé d'Affaires ad interim of Afghanistan to Syria (Resident in Bagdad) Mr. Mir Amanullah Rahimi.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |last=Bülent Gökay, Malcolm Yapp, Michael Partridge, Paul Preston |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs—reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Arabia, The Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Jordan and General, 1952 |publisher=LexisNexis |year=2006 |pages=311}}</ref>
*Afghan [[Taliban]] officials and Syrian minister met for the first time to discuss cooperation in 2023,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/minister-photographed-in-saudi-arabia-alongside-syrian-counterpart-taliban-official/amp/|title=Minister photographed in Saudi Arabia alongside Syrian counterpart, Taliban official|date=29 September 2023|access-date=11 December 2023|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> but the Assad regime and the Taliban have no diplomatic relations. After the fall of the Assad regime, Afghan foreign minister [[Amir Khan Muttaqi]] congratulated the [[Syrian caretaker government|Syrian transitional government]] on its victory and expressed hope during a conversation with [[Asaad al-Shaibani]] that the two countries could establish regular diplomatic relations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muttaqi Calls for Establishing Regular Diplomatic Relations With Syria |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-192353 |website=[[TOLOnews]] |access-date=2024-12-28}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Armenia}}||6 March 1992||{{small|See [[Armenia–Syria relations]]}}
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=30th anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Armenia and the Syrian Arab Republic |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/press-releases/2022/03/06/arm-sy/11330 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=mfa.am}}</ref>
*Armenia has an embassy in Damascus and a consulate general in [[Aleppo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/ministry/embassiesList.html#Damascus |title=Tarifplus24.de vergleicht Strom, Gas, Handy, DSL und KFZ-Tarifetarifplus24 |website=armeniaforeignministry.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304125607/http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/ministry/embassiesList.html#Damascus |archive-date=4 March 2009}}</ref> 
*Since 1997, Syria has an embassy in [[Yerevan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/ministry/mid_2007.pdf |title= Tarifplus24.de vergleicht Strom, Gas, Handy, DSL und KFZ-Tarifetarifplus24|website=armeniaforeignministry.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927085834/http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/ministry/mid_2007.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref>
*There are around 120,000 people of [[Armenian diaspora|Armenian descent]] living in the Syria (See [[Armenians in Syria]]).<ref name="Arm. Min. Diaspora">{{cite web|url=http://www.armdiasporamuseum.com/227-1-page.html |title=THE VIRTUAL MUSEUM OF ARMENIAN DIASPORA |publisher=Ministry of [[Armenian diaspora|Diaspora]] of Armenia |access-date=19 February 2014 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140219123645/http://www.armdiasporamuseum.com/227-1-page.html |archive-date=19 February 2014 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Australia}}||12 May 1975|| 
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1975 when first Australian ambassador to Syria Mr. P. N. Hutton presented credentials to President Hafez al-Assad.<ref name="auto51"/>
* Syria has an honorary consulates in [[Sydney]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://protocol.dfat.gov.au/Public/Consulates/192/State|title=The Department – About us – Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade|first=corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and|last=Trade|website=protocol.dfat.gov.au}}</ref> and [[Melbourne]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=233828|title=Sorting of ballots at Syrian Consulate in cities of Sydney and Melbourne start|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>
* Australia is accredited to Syria from its embassy in Beirut. 
* An Australian embassy was opened in Damascus in 1977.  Syria opened an embassy in [[Canberra]] in the early 2000s.  
*Until the start of the current [[Syrian civil war]] in 2011, the two countries enjoyed good relations.  
* Since 2011, Australia has imposed autonomous sanctions on Syria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syria sanctions regime |url=https://www.dfat.gov.au/international-relations/security/sanctions/sanctions-regimes/syria-sanctions-regime |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609154027/https://www.dfat.gov.au/international-relations/security/sanctions/sanctions-regimes/syria-sanctions-regime}}</ref>
*Syrian embassy in Canberra was closed in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6167355/syria-closes-australian-embassy/|title=Syria closes Australian embassy|work=[[The Canberra Times]]|access-date=2 June 2023|date=30 July 2012}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Bahrain}}
|23 January 1975
|{{small|See [[Bahrain–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BILATERAL RELATIONS |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505195337/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |archive-date=5 May 2012 |access-date=21 June 2023 |website=mofa.gov.bh}}</ref>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Manama]].
*Bahrain reopened its embassy in Damascus in December 2018.<ref name=bhrel>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-bashar-assad-bahrain-middle-east-arab-league-b0664cb71a121dcce37a15108df05fb4|work=Associated Press News|access-date=15 August 2022|date=19 June 2022 |title=Syrian leader receives credentials from Bahrain ambassador}}</ref>
*On 19 June 2022, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad received the credentials of Ambassador Waheed Mubarak Sayyar in an official ceremony attended by Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Syrian leader receives credentials from Bahrain ambassador |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/syrian-leader-receives-credentials-bahrain-ambassador-85492948 |access-date=21 June 2022 |publisher=ABC News|location=United States}}</ref> 
*In 2024, Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad met with Bahrain's Foreign Minister [[Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani]] in Damascus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240429-syrias-president-assad-meets-bahrain-fm-to-discuss-bilateral-relations/|title=Syria's President Assad meets Bahrain FM to discuss bilateral relations|date=28 April 2024|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Middle East Monitor}}</ref> It was the first visit by a Bahraini foreign minister to Syria in 13 years.
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}||14 September 1973||{{small|See [[Bangladesh–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1973.<ref name="auto39"/>
*Syria is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in [[New Delhi]].
*Bangladesh is accredited to Syria from its embassy in [[Cairo]] and is represented through an honorary consulate in Damascus.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|China}}||1 August 1956||{{small|See [[China–Syria relations]]}}
*China recognized Syria's independence in 1946. 
*Diplomatic relations between both countries were established on 1 August 1956.<ref name="auto47"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Beijing]].
*China has an embassy in Damascus
*Both countries are close allies and strategic partners.
See [http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/xybfs/gjlb/2888/ Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relations with Syria]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Georgia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1993|5|18}} <br />'''[[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Relations severed on 6 May 2018]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Information about the break-off of the diplomatic relations between Georgia and Syrian Arab Republic |url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/News/informacia-saqartvelosa-da-siriis-arabta-respublik.aspx|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia)]] |access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=18 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818094225/https://mfa.gov.ge/News/informacia-saqartvelosa-da-siriis-arabta-respublik.aspx}}</ref>||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1993.<ref name="mfa_gov_ge" />
*Georgia terminated diplomatic relations with Syria due to the recognition of [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] by Damascus.<ref name="RFE/RL 2018">{{cite web | author=RFE/RL | title=Georgia Severs Relations With Syria For Recognizing Abkhazia, South Ossetia | website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty | date=29 May 2018 | url=https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-syria-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-abkhazia-south-ossetia/29257063.html | access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India}}||May 1950||{{small|See [[India-Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations in May 1950.<ref name="auto42"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Delhi]].
*India has an embassy in Damascus.
*India and Syria have historical and cultural links dating back to silk route trade. The countries maintained relatively cordial relations during the Syrian Civil War.<ref name="Middle East Institute 2017">{{cite web | title=Locating Syria in India's Diplomacy toward West Asia | website=Middle East Institute | date=30 March 2017 | url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/locating-syria-indias-diplomacy-toward-west-asia | access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Indonesia}}||27 February 1950||{{small|See [[Indonesia–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 February 1950.<ref name="jordantimes" />
*Syria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]].
*Indonesia has an embassy in Damascus.
*Both nations are the member of [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iran}}||12 November 1946||{{small|See [[Iran–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1946 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Iran to Syria with residence in Beirut Mr. Zein-el-Abdine Rahnema.<ref name="auto40"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Tehran]].
*Iran has an embassy in Damascus.
*Syria and [[Iran]] are strategic allies. Syria is often called Iran's "closest ally",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=syria+iran+closest+ally&safe=active |title=syria iran closest ally|access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref> the [[Arab nationalism]] ideology of Syria's [[Politics of Syria#Baathism|ruling Baath party]] notwithstanding. 
*During the [[Iran–Iraq War]], Syria sided with non-Arab Iran against its enemy [[Iraq]] and was isolated by Saudi Arabia and some of the Arab countries, with the exceptions of [[Libya]], [[Lebanon]], [[Algeria]], [[Sudan]] and [[Oman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iranprimer.usip.org/sites/iranprimer.usip.org/files/Iran%20and%20Syria.pdf |title=Iran and Syria |author=Jubin Goodarzi |publisher=[[United States Institute of Peace]] |access-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014060357/http://iranprimer.usip.org/sites/iranprimer.usip.org/files/Iran%20and%20Syria.pdf |archive-date=14 October 2015}}</ref> 
*Iran and Syria have had a strategic alliance ever since, partially due to their common animosity towards [[Saddam Hussein]] and coordination against the [[United States]] and [[Israel]]. 
*Syria and Iran cooperate on arms smuggling from Iran to the [[Hezbollah]] in [[Lebanon]], which borders Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/print/die_welt/politik/article13871292/Iran-sucht-neue-Schmuggelwege.html|title=Iran sucht neue Schmuggelwege|work=Die Welt|date=16 February 2012|access-date=18 May 2012| last1=Wergin | first1=Clemens }}</ref>
*In addition to receiving military hardware, Iran has consistently invested billions of dollars into the Syrian economy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/defence/news/jdw/jdw060627_1_n.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826161646/http://www.janes.com/defence/news/jdw/jdw060627_1_n.shtml|url-status=dead|title=Iran, Syria sign a further defence co-operation agreement – Jane's Defence News|archivedate=26 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Swaminathan |first=Satya |title=Syria's Diplomatic History with Iran |journal=Global Forum Journal |volume=3 |date=Spring 2007 |page=28| url=http://issuu.com/not_sure/docs/globalforumjournal}}</ref> 
*Currently, Iran is involved in implementing several industrial projects in Syria, including cement factories, car assembly lines, power plants, and silo construction. Iran also plans to set up a joint Iranian–Syrian bank in the future.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iraq}}||8 November 1945||{{small|See [[Iraq–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 November 1945 when has been accredited Chargé d'Affaires of Iraq to Syria Mr. Ibrahim Fadli.<ref name="auto40"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Baghdad]] and Consulate-General in [[Mosul]].
*Iraq has an embassy in Damascus.
*The political states of Iraq and Syria were formed by the United Kingdom and France following the defeat of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in World War I. 
*Iraq and Syria are united by historical, social, political, cultural and economic relations, but share a long [[Sykes–Picot agreement|foreign drawn]] border. The land known as [[Mesopotamia]] is Iraq and eastern Syria and is called such by its inhabitants. 
*Political relations between Iraq and Syria have in the past seen difficulties, however, new diplomatic relations described by both sides as "Historic" were established in November 2006, beginning an era of close cooperation and political friendship between Iraq and Syria.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 November 2006 |title=Iraq and Syria restore relations|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6167968.stm |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref>
*During the early phase of the Syrian civil war, Iraq was also one of the few remaining Arab countries which support the Syrian government, and has abstained from voting to expel Syria from the Arab league.<ref>{{cite news|title=Syria suspended from Arab League|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/12/syria-suspended-arab-league|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 November 2011|access-date=26 February 2018}}</ref>
*Both countries have closely cooperated with each other against [[ISIS]], with Iraq and Ba'athist Syria being a part of the [[Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition]].<ref name=CNN>{{cite news|last1=Mullen|first1=Jethro|title=Iraq agrees to share intelligence with Russia, Iran and Syria|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/27/middleeast/iraq-russia-iran-syria-intelligence-deal/|publisher=CNN|date=27 September 2015 |access-date=28 September 2015}}</ref><ref name= AlJazeera>{{cite news|title=Iraq, Russia, Iran and Syria coordinate against ISIL|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/09/iraq-russia-iran-syria-coordinate-isil-150927125919507.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=27 September 2015|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=Times>{{cite news|last1=Gordon|first1=Michael|title=Russia Surprises U.S. With Accord on Battling ISIS|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/world/middleeast/iraq-agrees-to-share-intelligence-on-isis-with-russia-syria-and-iran.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=27 September 2015|access-date=6 November 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Israel}}||'''No formal diplomatic relations'''||{{small|See [[Israel–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria has been an active belligerent, with periodic ceasefires and use of proxies, against Israel ever since May 1948, when the Syrian army captured territory from the newly established State of Israel north and south of the Sea of Galilee. 
*Syria was an active belligerent in the 1967 Arab–Israeli War, which resulted in Israel's occupation of the Golan Heights and the city of [[Quneitra]]. On 19 June, a week after the war ended, Israel offered to return the Golan if Syrian would agree to a full Peace Treaty. However, Syria refused. From 1967 to 1973 there were sporadic bouts of fighting along the new border.
*Following the October 1973 [[Yom Kippur War|Arab–Israeli War]], which left Israel in occupation of additional Syrian territory, Syria accepted [[UN Security Council Resolution 338]], which signaled an implicit acceptance of [[UN Security Council Resolution 242|Resolution 242]]. 
*Syria participated in the Middle East Peace Conference in Madrid in October 1991. 
*In 2004 and 2005 Israel and Syria engaged in private talks discussing an outline peace accord. These were successful at a technical level, but failed to gain adequate political support.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/IB13Ak05.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213200012/http://atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/IB13Ak05.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=13 February 2007|title=US force-marches Israel over Syria|last=Kolko|first=Gabriel|date=13 February 2007|work=Asia Times|access-date=17 December 2013}}</ref>
*Hostility between Syria and Israel further increased following Israel's execution of [[Operation Orchard]] on 6 September 2007. Israel bombed a northern Syrian complex near [[Dayr az-Zawr]] which was suspected of holding nuclear materials from North Korea.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israelis 'Israelis seized nuclear material in Syrian raid'|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2512380.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009231319/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2512380.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 October 2007|work=The Sunday Times|date=23 September 2007|location=London|first1=Uzi|last1=Mahnaimi|first2=Sarah|last2=Baxter|access-date=2 April 2010}}</ref>
*In 2008 Syrian President [[Bashar al-Assad]] confirmed that talks with Israel have resumed through a third party.<ref name="aljazeera1">{{cite web |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/BF3F4AA5-5157-45FD-B362-99FAEB14804E.htm |title= Breaking News, World News and Video from al Jazeera|website=english.aljazeera.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422160001/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/BF3F4AA5-5157-45FD-B362-99FAEB14804E.htm |archive-date=22 April 2008}}</ref>
*[[Buthaina Shaaban]] has also confirmed that Israel is ready to give up the [[Golan Heights]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7362937.stm|publisher=BBC News|title=Israel 'ready to return Golan'|date=23 April 2008|access-date=2 April 2010}}</ref> 
*In October 2019, Israel was one of the countries that condemned the [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria]], but also because of deterioration of [[Israel–Turkey relations]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Japan}}||December 1953||{{small|See [[Japan–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations in December 1953.<ref name="auto53"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]].
*Japan has an embassy in Damascus.<ref name="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 2012 temporary">{{cite web | title=MOFA: Temporary Closure of the Embassy of Japan in the Syrian Arab Republic | website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan | date=21 March 2012 | url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2012/3/0321_02.html | access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref>
*Japan introduced sanctions against Syria in September 2011.<ref name="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 2011">{{cite web | title=MOFA: Implementation of measures to freeze the assets of President Bashar Al-Assad and his related individuals and entities in Syria | website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan | date=9 September 2011 | url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2011/9/0909_02.html | access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Jordan}}|| 1948||{{small|See [[Jordan–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1948.<ref name="auto18"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Amman]].
*Jordan has an embassy in Damascus.
*After the first [[Gulf War]] relations between Jordan and Syria had improved. After the [[Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace|Treaty of Peace Between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan]] in which [[Jordan]] established diplomatic ties with [[Israel]], Jordan has been an important transit point for Syrian businessmen doing business in the [[Palestinian territories]].
*Relations between the two countries improved after the death of Jordan's King [[Hussein of Jordan|Hussein Ibn Talal]] and accession of [[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah]] in February 1999 and the death of Hafez al-Assad and accession of his son Bashar in 2000. The Jordanian King visited Syria to congratulate Bashar that year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordanian King Visits Syria to Congratulate Bashar |url=http://en.people.cn/english/200007/19/eng20000719_45912.html |access-date=5 July 2023 |website=en.people.cn}}</ref>
*During the [[Syrian Civil War]], Jordan has worked closely with the US, supporting the [[Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army|Southern Front]] rebels until 2017, but also co-ordinating closely with Russia.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 October 2015|title=Russia, Jordan agree on military coordination on Syria|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-russia-jordan-idUSKCN0SH1ER20151023|access-date=4 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Warily, Jordan Assists Rebels in Syrian War
|date=10 April 2014|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/11/world/middleeast/syria.html?mcubz=0}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/19/world/middleeast/cia-arming-syrian-rebels.html?mcubz=0|date=19 July 2017|title=Trump Ends Covert Aid to Syrian Rebels Trying to Topple Assad}}</ref>
*After 2018, relations between both countries normalized.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/en/originals/2017/04/jordan-north-south-syria-military-involvment.html|title=Will Jordan confront IS in southern Syria?|date=18 April 2017|work=[[Al-Monitor]]}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}||27 March 1992||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан |url=http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220233503/http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=30 April 2022 |language=ru}}</ref>
*Kazakhstan has an consulate-general in Damascus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-damask/about?lang=en |title=Consulate of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Syrian Arab Republic |website=Consulate of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Syrian Arab Republic, Damask |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kazakhstan)]] |access-date=20 December 2021}}</ref>
*Kazakhstan donated funds to help [[Syrian refugees]] fleeing the country. In 2012, about $400,000 were allocated by the country through the [[Organization of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]]. 
*Kazakhstan sent its next humanitarian aid to Syria in January 2017. The 500 tonnes of supply of food and medications were delivered to Tartus Port on the Mediterranean coast of Syria.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kazakhstan delivers humanitarian aid to Syrian Tartus|url=http://www.inform.kz/en/kazakhstan-delivers-humanitarian-aid-to-syrian-tartus_a2986484|website=inform.kz|date=6 January 2017}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kuwait}}||24 October 1963||{{small|See [[Kuwait–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 1963<ref name="auto17"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Kuwait City]].
*Kuwait has an embassy in Damascus.
*Kuwait–Syria relations became somewhat strained due to the [[Syrian civil war]] after Kuwait closed its embassies along with the rest of the [[Arab States of the Persian Gulf]]. 
*Bilaterial relations have since come to focus on humanitarian efforts for Syria instead. For example, Kuwait has hosted three international pledging conferences in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 raising 1.5bn,<ref>{{cite news|title=Donors meet target of $1.5 billion aid for stricken Syrians: U.N.|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-idUSBRE90S0GU20130130|work=Reuters|access-date=7 March 2017}}</ref> 2.4bn,<ref>{{cite news|title=Donors Offer $2.4 Billion to Aid Syrian Civilians, but U.N. Says More Is Needed|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/16/world/middleeast/us-pledges-380-million-in-relief-aid-for-syria.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/16/world/middleeast/us-pledges-380-million-in-relief-aid-for-syria.html |archive-date=3 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 January 2014 |access-date=7 March 2017 |last1=Gordon |first1=Michael R. }}{{cbignore}}</ref> 3.8bn,<ref>{{cite web|title=Donors pledge $3.8bn at Syria crisis meeting in Kuwait|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/03/donors-pledge-38bn-syria-crisis-meeting-kuwait-150331075051202.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=7 March 2017}}</ref> and 10bn<ref name="UN News Centre">{{cite web |title=Record $10 billion pledged in humanitarian aid for Syria at UN co-hosted conference in London | date=4 February 2016 |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53162 |access-date=7 March 2017 |publisher=UN News Centre}}</ref> respectively. 
*Relations between the two countries have since 2019 normalized.
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Lebanon}}||<!--Date started-->15 October 2008<ref name="auto32"/>||{{small|See [[Lebanon-Syria relations]]}}
Syria plays an important role in Lebanon by virtue of its history, size, power, and economy. Lebanon was part of [[Ottoman Syria]] until 1926. The presence of Syrian troops in Lebanon dates to 1976, when President [[Hafez al-Assad]] intervened in the [[Lebanese civil war]] on behalf of [[Maronite]] Christians. Following the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Syrian and Israeli forces clashed in eastern Lebanon. The late U.S. Ambassador [[Philip Habib]] negotiated a cease-fire in Lebanon and the subsequent evacuation of [[PLO]] fighters from West [[Beirut]]. However, Syrian opposition blocked implementation of the [[May 17 Agreement|17 May 1983 Lebanese-Israeli accord]] on the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon. Following the February 1984 withdrawal of the UN Multinational Force from Beirut and the departure of most of Israel's forces from southern Lebanon a year later, Syria launched an unsuccessful initiative to reconcile warring Lebanese factions and establish a permanent cease-fire. Syria actively participated in the March–September 1989 fighting between the Christian Lebanese Forces and Muslim forces allied with Syria. In 1989, Syria endorsed the Charter of National Reconciliation, or "[[Taif Accord]]", a comprehensive plan for ending the Lebanese conflict negotiated under the auspices of [[Saudi Arabia]], Algeria, and [[Morocco]].

At the request of Lebanese President [[Elias Hrawi|Hrawi]], the Syrian military took joint action with the Lebanese Armed Forces on 13 October 1990, to oust rebel Gen. [[Michel Aoun]] who had defied efforts at reconciliation with the legitimate Government of Lebanon. The process of disarming and disbanding the many Lebanese militias began in earnest in early 1991. In May 1991, Lebanon and Syria signed the treaty of brotherhood, cooperation, and coordination called for in the Taif Accord, which is intended to provide the basis for many aspects of Syrian-Lebanese relations. The treaty provides the most explicit recognition to date by the Syrian Government of Lebanon's independence and sovereignty.

According to the U.S. interpretation of the [[Taif Accord]], Syria and Lebanon were to have decided on the redeployment of Syrian forces from Beirut and other coastal areas of Lebanon by September 1992. Israeli occupation of Lebanon until May 2000, the breakdown of peace negotiations between Syria and Israel that same year, and intensifying Arab/Israeli tensions since the start of the second Palestinian uprising in September 2000 have helped delay full implementation of the Taif Accords. The UN declared that Israel's withdrawal from southern Lebanon fulfilled the requirements of [[UN Security Council Resolution 425]]. However, Syria and Lebanon claimed that UNSCR 425 had not been fully implemented because Israel did not withdraw from an area of the Golan Heights called [[Shebaa Farms]], which had been occupied by [[Israel]] in 1967, and which Syria now claimed was part of Lebanon. The United Nations does not recognize this claim. However, Lebanese resistance groups such as [[Hezbollah]] use it to justify attacks against Israeli forces in that region, creating a potentially dangerous flashpoint along the Lebanon-Israeli border.

In 2005, Syrian troops withdrew from Lebanon after the assassination of Lebanese Sunni Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on 14 February 2005. In December 2008, The Syrian Embassy was opened in Beirut for the first time in history since both countries gained their Independence during the 1940s. In March 2009, Lebanon followed and opened its embassy in Damascus. On 19 December 2009, Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Al-Hariri visited Syria, and stayed in Damascus for three days meeting with President Bashar Al-Assad & breaking the ice between the two sides.<ref>[http://english.sohu.com/20050801/n226521001.shtml New Lebanese Prime Minister visits Syria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424162012/http://english.sohu.com/20050801/n226521001.shtml |date=24 April 2018 }}, 2005</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malaysia}}||1958||{{small|See [[Malaysia–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria has an embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]]
*Malaysian embassy in Damascus is closed since August 2012, due to the [[Syrian civil war]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malaysian Embassy in Syria ordered to close temporarily {{!}} The Star|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/08/19/malaysian-embassy-in-syria-ordered-to-close-temporarily|access-date=31 March 2021|website=The Star|date=19 August 2012 |location=Malaysia}}</ref>
*Malaysia has an honorary consulate in Damascus.<ref name="auto12">{{Cite web|url=https://x.com/NourYoussef111/status/1811417779981152472?t=LPbcmI7TXH_Bx1dPFhNqnw&s=19|title=x.com|work=X (formerly Twitter) }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Mongolia}}||31 July 1967||
See [https://web.archive.org/web/20111028104048/http://mfat.gov.mn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=204%3A-v-&catid=38%3A2009-12-20-21-52-48&Itemid=80&lang=mn Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Syria] {{in lang|mn}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 July 1967.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF COUNTRIES MAINTAINING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH MONGOLIA |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR LIST |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928021439/http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Mongolian delegates from the then-ruling [[Mongolian People's Party|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]] traveled to Syria in 1978, 1982 and 1985.
*Syrian [[Ba'ath Party (Syrian-led faction)|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party]] delegates visited Mongolia in 1983 and 1986.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Korea}}||25 July 1966||{{small|See [[North Korea–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 July 1966.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2016 |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=NCNK (The National Committee on North Korea) |page=3 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nknews.org/2017/01/a-long-way-from-damascus-life-as-syrias-ambassador-to-north-korea/|title=A long way from Damascus: Life as Syria's ambassador to North Korea|last=O'Carroll|first=Chad|date=31 January 2017|work=NK News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203161957/https://www.nknews.org/2017/01/a-long-way-from-damascus-life-as-syrias-ambassador-to-north-korea/|archive-date=3 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
*North Korea has an embassy in Damascus.<ref name="Ramani Diplomat 2018" />
*North Korea is one of Syria's closest allies.<ref name="Ramani Diplomat 2018">{{cite web | last1=Ramani | first1=Samuel | title=North Korea's Syrian Connection | website=The Diplomat | date=27 February 2018 | url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/north-koreas-syrian-connection/ | access-date=17 February 2019}}</ref> 
*In September 2015, the Syrian government paid tribute to [[Kim Il Sung]] in a ceremony for a new park in Damascus named in his honor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2015/09/01/Syria-builds-park-in-honor-of-North-Korea-founder-Kim-Il-Sung/3841441128895/|title=Syria builds park in honor of North Korea founder Kim Il Sung|access-date=2 September 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Oman}}||19 December 1987||{{small|See [[Oman–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 1987.<ref name="OMN87"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Muscat]].
*Oman has an embassy in Damascus.
*Since the start of the war, Syria and Oman have been strategic allies.<ref name="albawaba">{{cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/news/oman-original-syria-iran-russia--1063100|title=Opinion: Oman Set to Play Big Role in Post-War Syria|access-date= 28 February 2018}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Pakistan}}||1948||{{small|See [[Pakistan–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria has an embassy in [[Islamabad]].
*Pakistan has an embassy in Damascus.
*Both countries were on the [[silk route]] through which civilizational exchanges took place for centuries, Islamic missionaries that introduced Islam after 711 AD were from [[Syria]]. During the [[Yom Kippur War]] of 1973 (usually referred to as the Ramadan war in Pakistan) several Pakistani pilots assisted the Syrian air force.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/apr99/golan.htm |title=Shahbaz Over Golan |publisher=Defencejournal.com |date=26 April 1974 |access-date=9 October 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213417/http://www.defencejournal.com/apr99/golan.htm}}</ref> In 2005 Syria and Pakistan agreed on mutual cooperation in the fields of science and technology. Pakistan also supports the Syrian Government since the beginning of [[Syrian civil war]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/07/nat15.htm |title=Pakistan, Syria to promote cooperation in S& |newspaper=Dawn|date=7 January 2005 |location=Pakistan |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050207065250/http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/07/nat15.htm |archive-date=7 February 2005}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Palestine}}||22 January 1992||{{small|See [[Palestine–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria officially recognized Palestinian statehood on 18 July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Syria recognizes Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/syria-recognizes-palestinian-state-with-east-jerusalem-as-its-capital-1.373926|date=18 July 2011|newspaper=Haaretz |publisher=Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd|access-date=19 July 2011}}</ref>
*Syria is accredited to Palestine from its embassy in Amman.
*Palestine has an [[Embassy of Palestine, Damascus|embassy]] in Damascus.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Philippines}}||4 September 1946||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1946.<ref name="DFAGovPH-Syria" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of the Republic of the Philippines, Damascus |url=https://www.dfa.gov.ph/syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411062551/https://www.dfa.gov.ph/syria |archive-date=11 April 2022 |access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref> 
*Syria has an consulate in [[Manila]].
*Syria is accredited to Philippines from its embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]].
*The Philippines has an [[Embassy of the Philippines, Damascus|embassy]] in Damascus.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Qatar}}||19 January 1972||{{small|See [[Qatar–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 January 1972.<ref name="Economic Features, Limited"/>
*Syrian President [[Hafez al-Assad]] sided with Saudi Arabia against Qatari Emir [[Hamad bin Khalifa]] when he deposed his father. Later on, [[Bashar al-Assad]] visited [[Doha]] in 2003, which initiated a new chapter of economic, trading and investment relations. 
*In 2007–8, several Qatari-funded banks were established in Syria.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Azmi Bishara]]|title=سورية: درب الآلام نحو الحرية – محاولة في التاريخ الراهن|publisher=المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات|year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zb1mDwAAQBAJ&q=%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85+2003&pg=PT441|language=ar|isbn=9789953027654}}</ref>
*During the conflict in Syria, Qatar vocally and materially supported different rebels with arms and funds against the government. Qatar has been the biggest [[Qatari support to Syrian Opposition in the Syrian Civil War|sponsor of Syrian opposition forces]] during the civil war.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.almanar.com.lb/english/adetails.php?eid=93949&frid=31&cid=31&fromval=1&seccatid=91&source=mm802|title = FT: Qatar Spends Billions in Syria, Pays $50,000 per Dissident|date = 17 May 2013|access-date = 25 June 2015|website = Al-Manar News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/f2d9bbc8-bdbc-11e2-890a-00144feab7de.html|title = How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution|last1 = Khalaf|first1 = Roula|date = 17 May 2013|work = Financial Times Magazine|access-date = 25 June 2015|last2 = Fielding-Smith|first2 = Abigail}}</ref>
*In January 2019, Qatar said it would not normalise relations with Syria, which it wanted to remain excluded from the Arab League.<ref name="Al Jazeera 2019 Qatar">{{cite web | title=Qatar will not normalise relations with Syria: Foreign Minister – Qatar News | publisher=Al Jazeera | date=14 January 2019 | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/1/14/qatar-will-not-normalise-relations-with-syria-foreign-minister | access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> 
*In April 2019, [[Qatar Airways]] was granted a license to fly over Syrian airspace and a Syrian ban on Qatar's [[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al-Jazeera]] station was lifted.<ref name="Moubayed 2019">{{cite web | last=Moubayed | first=Sami | title=Syria and Qatar silently mend broken fences | website=Qatar – Gulf News | date=25 April 2019 | url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/qatar/syria-and-qatar-silently-mend-broken-fences-1.63545446 | access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> 
*In 2021, Qatar worked with Russia and Turkey to create a political solution to the conflict.<ref name="Chmaytelli Gumrukcu Balmforth 2021">{{cite web | last1=Chmaytelli | first1=Maher | last2=Gumrukcu | first2=Tuvan | last3=Balmforth | first3=Tom | title=Turkey, Russia, Qatar to push for political resolution in Syria | website=U.S. | date=11 March 2021 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-qatar-aid-idUSKBN2B31QH | access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||26 June 1944 ||{{small|See [[Saudi Arabia–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1944 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Saudi Arabia to Syria Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Zeid.<ref name="auto34"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.digitaljournal.com/world/saudi-arabia-syria-agree-to-restore-diplomatic-ties/article|date=9 May 2023|access-date=10 May 2023|work=Digital Journal|title=Saudi Arabia, Syria agree to restore diplomatic ties}}</ref>
*Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Damascus.
*Following the [[Syrian civil war]], the relations between the two countries have greatly deteriorated (until 2018).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deasy |first=Kristin |date=26 February 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia arming Syrian rebels with Croatian weapons: report |url=https://theworld.org/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/syria/130226/saudi-arabia-arming-syrian-rebels-croatian-weapons |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705191322/https://theworld.org/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/syria/130226/saudi-arabia-arming-syrian-rebels-croatian-weapons |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Between 2018 and 2023, both countries made a gradual reaprochement.<ref name=syrf23>{{cite web |title=Syrian FM makes first visit to Saudi Arabia since 2011 |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=12 April 2023 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/12/syrian-fm-makes-first-visit-to-saudi-arabia-since-2011 |access-date=13 April 2023}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of the [[Arab League]].  
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Korea}}||10 April 2025||
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 2025.<ref name="mofa.gov.kr">{{cite web |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Republic of Korea and Syrian Arab Republic |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_5676/view.do?seq=322782 |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea}}</ref>
* On February 8, 2025, Syrian Foreign Minister [[Asaad al-Shaibani]] met with Kim Eun-jeong, Director-General for African and Middle Eastern Affairs in Damascus. During the meeting, both parties conveyed their willingness to renew cooperation, which had been suspended since 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.plenglish.com/news/2025/02/08/syria-and-south-korea-expressed-willingness-to-resume-cooperation/ |title=Syria and South Korea expressed willingness to resume cooperation |publisher=Prensa Latina |date=8 February 2025 }}</ref> Three days later, the [[South Korean Foreign Ministry]] announced that the country would establish diplomatic relations with Syria.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ji Da-gyum |url=https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10417643 |title=S. Korea moves toward formal diplomatic ties with Syria |publisher=Korea Herald |date=11 February 2025 }}</ref>
* On 11 March 2025, a tentative deal was struck for both nations to establish diplomatic relations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2025 |title=Tentative deal reached with Syria on forming diplomatic ties |url=https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/policies/view?articleId=267869 |website=[[Korea.net]] |access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Ossetia}}||22 July 2018|| 
* Syria had recognized South Ossetia and maintaied diplomatic relations with [[Tskhinvali]].<ref name="RFE/RL 2018"/>
*The status of Syria's relationship with South Ossetia is presently unknown following the [[fall of the al-Assad regime]] on 8 December 2024.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}|| 10 May 1969||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dates of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Sri Lanka |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321072720/https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Syria is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in [[New Delhi]].
*Sri Lanka is accredited to Syria from its embassy in Beirut, but it has an honorary consulate in Damascus.<ref name="auto12"/>
*Syrian President [[Hafez al-Assad]] visited [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka in 1976.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkey}}||8 March 1946||{{small|See [[Syria–Turkey relations]]}}
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1946.<ref name="auto22"/>
Diplomatic relations suspended since 2011.
Syrian–Turkish relations have long been strained even though [[Turkey]] shares its longest common border with Syria and various other geographic, cultural, and historical links tie the two neighboring states together.

This friction has been due to disputes including the self annexation of the [[Hatay Province]] to Turkey in 1939, [[Water politics#Middle East|water disputes]] resulting from the [[Southeastern Anatolia Project]], and Syria's support for the outlawed [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] (PKK) and the [[Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia]] (ASALA), but relations have improved greatly since October 1998; when PKK leader [[Abdullah Öcalan]] was expelled by Syrian authorities.

Syria had embassy in [[Ankara]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=5 July 2023|title=Suriye Ankara Büyükelçiliği|url=http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/ankara-buyukelciligi|work=suriyekonsoloslugu.org|archive-date=5 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705191324/http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/ankara-buyukelciligi|url-status=dead}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> and two consulates–general in [[Istanbul]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=5 July 2023|title=Suriye İstanbul Başkonsolosluğu|url=http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/istanbul-baskonsoloslugu|work=suriyekonsoloslugu.org|archive-date=5 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705191322/http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/istanbul-baskonsoloslugu|url-status=dead}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> and [[Gaziantep]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=5 July 2023|title=Suriye Gaziantep Başkonsolosluğu|url=http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/suriye-gaziantep-baskonsoloslugu|work=suriyekonsoloslugu.org|archive-date=5 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705191323/http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/suriye-gaziantep-baskonsoloslugu|url-status=dead}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

Both countries have been full members of the [[Union for the Mediterranean]] and the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC), although Syria's membership in the former was suspended in 2011<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2013 |title=Union for the Mediterranean: time for parliaments to play their role {{!}} News {{!}} European Parliament |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/world/20130322STO06744/union-for-the-mediterranean-time-for-parliaments-to-play-their-role |access-date=5 July 2023 |publisher=European Parliament}}</ref><ref name="member-states">{{Cite web|url=https://ufmsecretariat.org/who-we-are/member-states/|title=Member States}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-232_en.htm|title=Memo|date=27 March 2014|access-date=13 February 2016|publisher=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> as well as from the latter in 2012.<ref name="Alsharif 2012">{{cite web | last=Alsharif | first=Asma | title=Organization of Islamic Cooperation suspends Syria | website=U.S. | date=16 August 2012 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-islamic-summit-idUSBRE87E19F20120816 | access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref>

Because of the [[Syrian civil war]] relations between Syria and Turkey have become increasingly tense. Turkey closed its embassy in [[Damascus]] on 26 March 2012,<ref name="Balci 2012">{{cite web | last=Balci | first=Bayram | title=Turkey's Relations with the Syrian Opposition | website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace | date=13 April 2012 | url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2012/04/turkeys-relations-with-the-syrian-opposition?lang=en | access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref> as well as its consulate–general in [[Aleppo]].{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} In April 2012 it hosted the second meeting of the [[Friends of Syria]], the Arab-Western coalition in support of the Syrian opposition.<ref name="Balci 2012"/>

Turkey has been taking in refugees from Syria, although abuse and injustice towards the Syrian refugees has been reported. Relations have further been degraded due to a serious incident that occurred with the Syrian downing of a Turkish military training flight in June 2012. Relations worsened further in May 2013 following a border incident involving two car bombs exploding in the town of Reyhanlı, Hatay Province, Turkey. At least 43 people were killed and 140 more were injured in the attack. The car bombs were left outside Reyhanlı's town hall and post office. The first exploded at around 13:45 local time (10:45 GMT)[40] and the second exploded about 15 minutes later.

The issue that cemented the crack in the relations was Turkey's reported dealings with the [[Islamic State]] (an enemy of the Syrian government) in oil and weapons by various sources. A video surfacing of the Islamic State being unopposed by Turkish security as they traveled across the border between Syria, questions more of Turkey's alleged role of simply fighting terrorism.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

Turkish Military troops attacked the Kurdish backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) on 8 October 2019, after the acting US President [[Donald Trump]] recalled US military troops from Syria the previous day. The US action to move troops out of the region was done so solely by the US president with stern disapproval by US military intelligence departments.

Turkey re-established diplomatic relations with Syria on 14 December 2024, following the [[fall of the al-Assad regime]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2024/12/turkey-appoints-charge-daffaires-at-its-embassy-in-damascus/ | title=Turkey appoints charge d'affaires at its embassy in Damascus | date=13 December 2024 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||19 January 1972||{{small|See [[Syria–United Arab Emirates relations|Syria–UAE relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 January 1972.<ref>{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1972 |pages=38}}</ref>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi]] and a consulate-general in [[Dubai]]. 
*UAE has an embassy in Damascus.
*Both countries are members of the [[Arab League]].  
*In 2016, the Emirates was planning to normalize its relations with Syria, but was barred by the US.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/30/syria-year-cemented-assad-victory-trump-us-troops|title=Syria: Assad has decisively won his brutal battle|accessdate=30 December 2018|website=The Guardian| date=30 December 2018 }}</ref> 
*UAE re-opened its Damascus embassy in December 2018.<ref name="Al Jazeera 2019 Qatar" /> 
*In November 2021, the UAE Foreign Minister [[Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] travelled to Damascus to meet Bashar al-Assad. He was the first Emirati official to visit Syria, since the war. The US strongly opposed efforts to normalize ties with Syria. 
*On 18 March 2022, Assad travelled to the UAE to meet Emirati leaders, including Abu Dhabi's Sheikh [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] and Dubai's Sheikh [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]]. It was Assad's first visit to an Arab nation since 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assad: Syria's leader makes historic visit to UAE |publisher=BBC News |date=19 March 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-60804050 |access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> On 19 March 2023, Assad visited the UAE again, with his wife [[Asma al-Assad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-arrives-uae-official-visit-state-media-2023-03-19/|title=Syria's Assad arrives in United Arab Emirates in official visit |accessdate=19 March 2023|work=Reuters}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Yemen}}||23 May 1965||{{small|See [[Syria–Yemen relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 May 1965.<ref name="auto19"/>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Sanaa]].<ref name="mofaex.gov.sy"/>
*Between 2014 and 2023, Yemen's embassy in Damascus (and its ambassador) was under supervision of Houthi-led [[Supreme Political Council]].<ref name="ym3"/>
*In 2023, Syria returned embassy to the [[Cabinet of Yemen|internationally recognized Yemeni government]].<ref name="ym3">{{Cite news|url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/4602651-syria-returns-yemeni-embassy-damascus-legitimate-gov%E2%80%99t|title=Syria Returns Yemeni Embassy in Damascus to Legitimate Gov't|work=Asharq Al-Awsat|date=13 October 2023|access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>
*Both countries normalized relations in 2023.<ref name="ym3"/>
*Both countries are members of the [[Arab League]].  
|}