Editing Foreign relations of Somalia (section)

===Europe===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark}}||<!--Date started-->9 July 1960||See [[Denmark–Somalia relations]]

Diplomatic relations between Somalia and [[Denmark]] were established on 9 July 1960, shortly after the Somali Republic's independence.<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Diplomatic Relations|url=http://www.mfa.somaligov.net/Diplomatic%20Relations.html|work=Government of Somalia|access-date=28 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724073959/http://www.mfa.somaligov.net/Diplomatic%20Relations.html|archive-date=2011-07-24|url-status=dead}}</ref>

During the [[Siad Barre]] administration, Somalia and Denmark strengthened cooperation. The Danish International Development Agency agreed to provide a $1.4 million loan toward the development of Somalia's northern fisheries industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Somali Fishing Industry Has Potential for Growth|url=http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/mfr4412/mfr44124.pdf|work=[[National Marine Fisheries Service]]|access-date=28 June 2011|archive-date=21 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721055829/http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/mfr4412/mfr44124.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, the Somali and Danish foreign ministries signed a loan agreement in 1981, wherein 45 million DKK (US$8,284,410.00) was issued to Somalia to finance imports of Danish capital goods, as well as local cost expenditures and purchases of Danish capital equipment and services.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Agreement on a Danish Government loan to the Somali Democratic Republic (with annexes and exchange of letters). Signed at Stockholm on 24 March 1981|date=24 March 1981|volume=20676|pages=7|access-date=29 June 2011|publisher=[[United Nations Treaty Series]]|location=[[Stockholm]], Sweden|url=http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201259/volume-1259-I-20676-English.pdf}}</ref>

In September 1992, Danish Foreign Minister [[Uffe Ellemann Jensen]] and other senior officials visited southern Somalia, one of the first foreign delegations to do so since the start of the civil war the year before.<ref name="Stuart">{{cite book|last=Stuart |first=Mark |title=Douglas Hurd: The Public Servant: An Authorised Biography|year=1998|publisher=Mainstream Publishing Company, Limited |isbn=1840181257 |page=410}}</ref> Although the Danish embassy in [[Mogadishu]] closed down operations, the Danish authorities in the ensuing years maintained relations with Somalia's newly established Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government.

The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was welcomed by the Danish authorities, who re-affirmed Denmark's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty.<ref name="Cosgmsos"/> In December 2013, the [[Danish government]] appointed Geert Aagaard Andersen as the new Danish Ambassador to Somalia, the first in twenty years. Andersen presented his credentials to Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at a ceremony in Mogadishu.<ref name=Drdtws>{{cite news |title=Denmark restores diplomatic ties with Somalia |url=http://www.somalicurrent.com/2013/12/17/denmark-restores-diplomatic-ties-with-somalia/ |access-date=30 December 2013 |newspaper=SomaliCurrent |date=17 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230231807/http://www.somalicurrent.com/2013/12/17/denmark-restores-diplomatic-ties-with-somalia/ |archive-date=30 December 2013 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[France–Somalia relations]]
[[File:Ambassade de Somalie en France, 26 rue Dumont-d'Urville, Paris 16e.jpg|thumb|right|Embassy of Somalia in [[Paris]].]]
Bilateral relations between France and Somalia were established shortly after Somalia's independence. The French government opened an embassy in Mogadishu, and its Somali counterpart likewise maintained an embassy in [[Paris]]. The French embassy later closed down operations in June 1993, shortly after the start of the civil war in Somalia. In the ensuing years, France maintained diplomatic relations with the Somali Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government. It also supported local peace initiatives by the European Union and international community.<ref name="Maefs">{{cite web|title=Somalie |publisher=Ministère des Affaires étrangères, France|url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/pays-zones-geo_833/somalie_383/index.html |access-date=20 January 2014}}</ref>

The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was welcomed by the French authorities, who re-affirmed France's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty.<ref name="Cosgmsos"/>

The French Republic is currently represented in Somalia by Ambassador Aline Kuster-Ménager, who presented her credentials to President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed in Octobre 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ke.ambafrance.org/Presentation-of-credentials-in-Mogadishu-3650|title=Presentation of credentials in Mogadishu|website=La France au Kenya|language=en|access-date=2019-06-17}}</ref>
|-
|{{GER}}
|<!--Date started-->1 July 1960
|See [[Germany–Somalia relations]]
Diplomatic relations between Somalia and [[Germany]] were established on 1 July 1960, shortly after the Somali Republic's independence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amt |first=Auswärtiges |title=Somalia: Steckbrief |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/laender/somalia-node/somalia/203130 |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref> After a pause due to the [[Somali Civil War]], relations where reestablished in 2012. Germany provides development aid to Somalia and both countries have established a security partnership.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amt |first=Auswärtiges |title=Deutschland und Somalia: bilaterale Beziehungen |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/laender/somalia-node/-/203138 |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Greece}}||<!--Date started-->||

* [[Greece]] represented in Somalia via parallel accreditation of its embassy in [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mfa.gr/en/blog/greece-bilateral-relations/somalia/| title = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Italy–Somalia relations]]

In terms of administration, Italy first gained a foothold in Somalia through the signing of various pacts and agreements in the late 19th century with the ruling Somali [[Majeerteen Sultanate]] and [[Sultanate of Hobyo]], led by King [[Osman Mahamuud]] and Sultan [[Yusuf Ali Kenadid]], respectively.<ref name="Gassem">Mariam Arif Gassem, ''Somalia: clan vs. nation'', (s.n.: 2002), p.4</ref><ref name="Majsult">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120206024446/http://www.mudugonline.com/MajertainSaltanates/Sultanate.htm The Majeerteen Sultanates]}}</ref> In 1936, the acquired territory, dubbed [[Italian Somaliland]], was integrated into ''[[Africa Orientale Italiana]]'' as part of the Italian Empire. This would last until 1941, during [[World War II]]. Italian Somaliland then came under British administration until 1949, when it became a [[United Nations Trust Territory|United Nations trusteeship]], the [[Trust Territory of Somalia]], under Italian administration. On July 1, 1960, the Trust Territory of Somalia united as scheduled with the briefly extant [[State of Somaliland]] (the former [[British Somaliland]]) to form the [[Somali Republic]].<ref name="Wssom1">{{cite web|author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Somalia.html |title=Somalia |publisher=Worldstatesmen |access-date=2013-09-14}}</ref><ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica2002">Encyclopædia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.835</ref>

Although most [[Italian Somalis]] left the territory after independence, Somalia's relations with Italy remained strong in the following years and through the ensuing civil war period. The Federal Government of Somalia was later established on August 20, 2012.<ref name="Fcacsunesinpshm"/> Italian Foreign Minister [[Giulio Terzi]] welcomed the new administration, and re-affirmed Italy's continued support for the Somali authorities.<ref name="Mtmsthohsmaapos">{{cite web|title=Minister Terzi "most satisfied" to hear of Hassan Sheikh Mohamud's appointment as President of Somalia|url=http://www.esteri.it/MAE/EN/Sala_Stampa/ArchivioNotizie/Comunicati/2012/09/20120911_Nomina_Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud.htm|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=30 September 2012}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Russia}}
|11 September 1960
|See [[Russia–Somalia relations]]

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Somalia–United Kingdom relations]]

[[File:Prime Minister David Cameron with H.E. Mr Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of the Federal Republic of Somalia in Downing Street, 4 February 2013. (8444381731).jpg|thumb|right|Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] with H.E. Mr [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]], [[President of Somalia]] in Downing Street, 4 February 2013..]]
Somalia–[[United Kingdom]] relations date back to the 19th century. In 1884, Britain established the [[British Somaliland]] protectorate in present-day northern Somalia after signing successive treaties with the then ruling [[Somali people|Somali]] [[Sultan]]s, such as [[Mohamoud Ali Shire]] of the Warsangali Sultanate.<ref>Hugh Chisholm (ed.), ''The encyclopædia britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information'', Volume 25, (At the University press: 1911), p.383.</ref> In 1900, the emir of Darawiish monarch [[Las Anod#Diiriye Guure|Diiriye Guure]], namely [[Sayyid]] [[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan]] ("Mad Mullah") and their [[Dervish State|Dervish]] forces began a twenty-year resistance movement against British troops. This [[Somaliland Campaign|military campaign]] eventually came to an end in 1920, after Britain [[Somaliland campaign (1920)|aerially bombarded]] the Dervish capital of [[Taleh]].

British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On July 1, 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic.<ref name="Wssom1"/><ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica2002"/>

After the collapse of the Somali central government and the start of the civil war in 1991, the UK embassy in Mogadishu closed down.<ref name="Tcibroeis">{{cite news|title=Britain Re-opens Embassy in Somalia|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/04/26/2013042600493.html|access-date=26 April 2013|newspaper=The Chosun Ilbo|date=26 April 2013|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063327/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/04/26/2013042600493.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the British government never formally severed diplomatic ties with Somalia. Britain acknowledged and supported the internationally recognized [[Transitional federal government of Somalia|Transitional Federal Government]] (TFG) as the country's national governing body. It also engaged Somalia's smaller regional administrations, such as [[Puntland]] and [[Somaliland]], to ensure broad-based inclusion in the peace process. In 2012, the British authorities additionally organized the [[London Conference on Somalia]] to coordinate the international community's support for the interim Somali government.

Following the establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in mid-2012, British Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] welcomed the new administration and re-affirmed Britain's continued support for the Somali authorities.<ref name="Abukasmfs">{{cite news|title=United Kingdom : A significant moment for Somalia - Prime Minister congratulates new president|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/United+Kingdom+%3A+A+significant+moment+for+Somalia+-+Prime+Minister...-a0302129500|access-date=7 June 2013|newspaper=Al Bawaba|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806195957/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/United+Kingdom+:+A+significant+moment+for+Somalia+-+Prime+Minister...-a0302129500|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 25 April 2013, the UK also became the first Western country to re-open its embassy in Somalia, with British [[First Secretary of State]] [[William Hague]] attending the opening ceremony.<ref name="Tcibroeis"/> Harriet Mathews was appointed [[List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Somalia|British Ambassador to Somalia]] in 2015,<ref>{{cite web|title=Change of Her Majesty's Ambassador to Somalia |url=http://www.gov.uk/government/news/change-of-her-majestys-ambassador-to-somalia--2 |publisher=Foreign & Commonwealth Office |date=16 March 2015}}</ref> and as of January 2017 has since been replaced by David Concar.<ref>{{cite web|title=Change of Her Majesty's Ambassador to Somalia|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/change-of-her-majestys-ambassador-to-somalia--3|publisher=Foreign & Commonwealth Office|access-date=24 January 2017|date=17 November 2016}}</ref>
|}