Editing Foreign relations of Namibia (section)

===Africa===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Angola}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Angola–Namibia relations]]

In 1999 Namibia signed a mutual defence pact with its northern neighbour Angola. This affected the [[Angolan Civil War]] that has been ongoing since Angola's independence in 1975. Namibia's ruling party [[SWAPO]] wanted to support the ruling party [[MPLA]] in Angola to fight the rebel movement [[UNITA]], whose stronghold is in southern Angola, bordering Namibia. The defence pact allowed Angolan troops to use Namibian territory when attacking [[UNITA]].

The alliance between SWAPO and MPLA has deep roots and began as both Angola's and Namibia's ruling parties sought independence during the mid twentieth century and into the [[Angolan Civil War]]. In Angola, the leftist movement [[MPLA]] was fighting the rightist movement [[UNITA]], which was supported by South Africa. In Namibia, [[SWAPO]], then being a rebel movement, was fighting for independence from South Africa along the Angolan border. Angola allowed SWAPO to establish training and refugee camps for Namibians and PLAN (People's Liberation Army of Namibia) fighters. As MPLA and SWAPO shared a common ideological ground, and had a common enemy in South Africa, they came to cooperate.

The Angolan civil war resulted in a large number of Angolan [[refugees]] coming to Namibia. At its peak in 2001 there were over 30,000 Angolan refugees in Namibia. The calmer situation in Angola has made it possible for many of them to return to their home with the help of [[UNHCR]], and in 2004 only 12,600 remained in Namibia.
<ref name="UNHCR">{{cite web
| url = http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/statistics/opendoc.pdf?tbl=STATISTICS&id=44e5c7800&page=statistics
| title = 2004 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook – Namibia
| publisher = United Nations High Commission on Refugees
| access-date = 26 August 2006
| archive-date = 24 August 2006
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060824221929/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/statistics/opendoc.pdf?tbl=STATISTICS&id=44e5c7800&page=statistics
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
Most of them reside in the [[refugee camp]] [[Osire]] north of [[Windhoek]].

* Angola has an embassy in Windhoek and consulates-general in [[Oshakati]] and [[Rundu]].
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Luanda]] and consulates-general in [[Menongue]] and [[Ondjiva]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Botswana}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Botswana–Namibia relations]]

Botswana–Namibia relations are friendly, with the two neighbouring countries cooperating on economic development. [[Botswana]] gained independence from Britain in September 1966. [[Namibia]] gained independence from South Africa in 1990 following the [[Namibian War of Independence]].

* Botswana has a High Commission in [[Windhoek]].
* Namibia has a High Commission in [[Gaborone]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Eswatini}}||28 February 1992||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 February 1992<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Swaziland and Namibia as of 28 Feb. 1992 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1631622?ln=en |access-date=15 May 2023 |website=digitallibrary.un.org |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113101249/https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1631622?ln=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Eswatini is accredited to Namibia from its High Commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
* Namibia is accredited to Eswatini from its High Commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||<!--Date started-->||
During the [[Namibia under South African occupation|South African occupation of Namibia]], Ethiopia was one of the country's leading proponents abroad; Ethiopia and [[Liberia]] were the first two states to bring the question of independence for then [[South West Africa]] to the United Nations.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MA4mkNKXxqoC&dq=ethiopia+namibia+relations&pg=PA220 The South West Africa/Namibia dispute] by John Dugard</ref>

In 2007, the two governments signed an agreement which expanded air travel between the two states.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120119135029/http://www.kilil5.com/news/12989_ethiopia-namibia-sign-air-transp Ethiopia, Namibia sign air transport agreement]}}</ref> In December 2009, Namibia's Foreign Minister, [[Marko Hausiku]] met with Ethiopian Foreign Affairs Minister [[Seyoum Mesfin]] and noted the economic, science, technical and cultural agreements in place between the two countries and expressed a desire to improve the trade relations.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.et/Press_Section/publication.php?Main_Page_Number=4796 Ethiopia, Namibia working out to step up cooperation areas] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328075854/http://www.mfa.gov.et/Press_Section/publication.php?Main_Page_Number=4796 |date=28 March 2012 }}</ref>

* Ethiopia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Addis Ababa]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Liberia}}||<!--Date started-->||
In 1960, Liberia and [[Ethiopia]] brought litigation against [[South Africa under apartheid|apartheid South Africa]] in the [[International Court of Justice]] to end its occupation of Namibia.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20111002192046/http://newliberian.com/?p=436 Liberia, Namibia Sign Agreement aimed at Strengthening Bilateral Relations]}} NewLiberian.com, 15 July 2008</ref> As part of Liberia's support for Namibia's liberation struggle, many Namibian students received Liberian passports which helped them study abroad.

As of July 2008, a total of 5,900 [[Namibia Defence Force]] troops had been rotated through Liberia as part of the [[United Nations Mission in Liberia]].<ref>[http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=46410&no_cache=1 Liberia and Namibia to trade more] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172923/http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=46410&no_cache=1 |date=3 June 2012 }} [[The Namibian]], 15 July 2008</ref> Namibia maintained a battalion of about 800 personnel in [[Grand Cape Mount]] county for several years, for most of the period part of UNMIL Sector 2, headquartered at [[Tubmanburg]]. In May 2005, Namibian troops were accused of sexual exploitation of young girls and women; three Namibian soldiers were sent home from the force after a United Nations investigation found them guilty of "engaging in sexual activity with civilians", which is against United Nations rules for peacekeepers.<ref>[http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=17979&no_cache=1 NDF to probe Liberia sex scandal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172939/http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=17979&no_cache=1 |date=3 June 2012 }} [[The Namibian]], 26 May 2005</ref>
* Liberia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
* Namibia is accredited to Liberia from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nigeria}}||21 March 1990||
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1990<ref>{{Cite book |title=Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997 |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1999 |pages=302}}</ref>

Namibia and Nigeria have binding bilateral agreements, but as of 2014, trade between the two countries was low. In March 2014, Nigerian President [[Goodluck Jonathan]] visited Namibia for Namibia's 24th independence day celebrations. The two countries also discussed establishing an oil refinery in Namibia for Nigerian oil.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201403190252.html|title=Namibia, Nigeria to Improve Bilateral Relations|work=[[AllAfrica.com]]|access-date=27 September 2014|archive-date=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226042803/http://allafrica.com/stories/201403190252.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Namibia has a high commission in [[Abuja]].
* Nigeria has a high commission in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Africa}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–South Africa relations]]

Upon independence in 1990, Namibia's economy was still tied to South Africa's.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEFDF1331F930A15750C0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |title=In Namibia, South African Is Center of Attention |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=23 March 1990}}</ref> To this day, the [[economy of Namibia]] is still closely contacted to South Africa through both institutional relationships ([[Southern African Customs Union]], for example) and privately owned mining concessions.<ref>[http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Namibia/Economy.html Namibia – Economy<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185753/http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Namibia/Economy.html|date=9 June 2011}}</ref> The [[South African rand]] is still legal currency within Namibia, while the [[Namibian dollar]] is not so in South Africa and the currencies are traded on par locally.

* Namibia has a high commission in Pretoria and a consulate-general in [[Cape Town]].
* South Africa has a high commission in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zambia}}||5 August 1990||See [[Namibia–Zambia relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 August 1990<ref>{{Cite book |title=Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997 |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1999 |pages=305}}</ref>

* Namibia has a high commission in [[Lusaka]].
* Zambia has a high commission in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–Zimbabwe relations]]

The ruling parties of Namibia (since independence in 1990) and Zimbabwe (since independence in 1980) have been close since pre-independence days, as both were anti-colonial movements against white-minority governments.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040618100207/http://www.namibian.com.na/2004/June/national/04473CB0FF.html Zimbabwe heaps praise on Swapo's transition effort] by Tangeni Amupadhi, [[The Namibian]], 3 June 2004</ref> Namibia sent troops in the [[Military of Namibia|Namibia Defence Force]] to the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] alongside Zimbabwe in a SADC coalition to support President [[Joseph Kabila]].<ref>[http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/48050 Namibia and Zimbabwe – the second liberation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185039/http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/48050 |date=29 October 2013 }} by Henning Melber, pambazuka.org, 13 May 2008</ref>
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Harare]].
* Zimbabwe has an embassy in Windhoek.
|}