Editing Foreign relations of Iraq (section)

===Europe===
{{See also|Iraq–European Union relations}}
In September 2005, a joint political declaration between the European Union and Iraq was signed which forms the basis of regular political dialogue. A Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and Iraq is in the process of being negotiated and will probably be concluded during 2008.

July 2005 saw the introduction of [[EUJUST LEX]], the [[European Union]]'s rule of law operation intended to train Iraqi police and legal officials in human rights along with other issues. Over 1,400 Iraqis have already taken part in training courses.<ref name="sweden8899">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/8899 |title=Sweden's relations with Iraq |access-date=10 June 2009 |archive-date=17 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517065453/http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/8899 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
!width="15%"| Country
!width="12%"| Formal relations began
!Notes 
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|{{flag|Austria}}||<!-- start date -->||

* Austria has an embassy in Baghdad.
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. 
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|{{flag|Belgium}}||||
* Belgium is represented in Iraq by its embassy in Amman, Jordan. 
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Brussels]]. 
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|{{flag|Bulgaria}}||14 August 1958||See [[Bulgaria–Iraq relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 August 1958.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005) |url=http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%2520%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%2520%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826071151/http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 August 2018 |access-date=1 December 2023 |language=bg}}</ref>
* Bulgaria has an embassy in [[Baghdad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulgarian embassy in Baghdad |url=http://www.mfa.bg/baghdad/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235305/http://www.mfa.bg/baghdad/ |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=28 July 2009}}</ref>
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Sofia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Iraqi embassy in Sofia |url=http://www.mfa.bg/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7991&Itemid=384 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427132131/https://www.mfa.bg/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7991&Itemid=384 |archive-date=27 April 2020 |access-date=28 July 2009}}</ref>
* Bulgaria was part of the [[Multinational force in Iraq]] between May 2003 and December 2008. 
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|{{flag|Croatia}}||<!-- start date -->||

* Croatia has an embassy in Baghdad.
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Zagreb]]. 
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|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||<!-- start date -->||See [[Czech Republic–Iraq relations]]

* the Czech Republic has an embassy in Baghdad.
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Prague]].
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|{{flag|Denmark}}||17 June 1939
||See [[Denmark–Iraq relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1939 when has been accredited  Dr. M. A. E. C. Fensmark, as Chargé d'Affaires of Denmark to Iraq with residence in Teheran.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alan de Lacy Rush, Jane Priestland |title=Records of Iraq, 1914-1966: 1941-1945 |publisher=Archive Editions |year=2001 |pages=555}}</ref>

Denmark has an embassy in Baghdad and a trade office in [[Basra]], Iraq has an embassy in [[Copenhagen]].

On 21 March 2003, the Danish Parliament made a fateful decision to support U.S. military action in Iraq and, in fact, contribute naval assets to the war. In 2006, the Iraqi Transport Minister Salam al-Malki announced freezing all economic relations with Danish and Norwegian companies in protest against insulting cartoons published in the countries' newspapers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Default Parallels Plesk Panel Page |url=http://en.aswataliraq.info/?p=14023 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221172221/http://en.aswataliraq.info/?p=14023 |archive-date=21 February 2015 |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> With a total Iraqi population in Denmark numbering around 12,000, there are organizations such as the Iraqi-Danish Culture Days, which is currently organized in the capital of Copenhagen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iraqi-Danish Culture Days Festival in Copenhagen |url=http://www.lawksalih.com/php/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=208 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004063916/http://www.lawksalih.com/php/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=208 |archive-date=4 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 
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|{{flag|Finland}}||15 May 1959||See [[Foreign relations of Finland|Finland–Iraq relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 May 1959.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iraq |url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17215&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006035410/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17215&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 |archive-date=6 October 2016 |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=Ministry For Foreign Affairs of Finland}}</ref>
* Finland has an embassy in Baghdad.
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Helsinki]].
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|{{flag|France}}||<!-- start date -->||See [[France–Iraq relations]]

Before Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1991, France enjoyed friendly relations with former Iraqi president [[Saddam Hussein]], however the relationship turned sour once Iraq entered Kuwaiti soil and soon France cut off ties with Iraq. Following thirteen years, France resumed relations with Iraq in 2003. Iraq has an embassy in Paris and France has an embassy and a representative office in [[Baghdad]].
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|{{flag|Germany}}||<!-- start date -->||See [[Germany–Iraq relations]]

* Germany has an embassy in Baghdad.
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Berlin]].
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|{{flag|Greece}}||27 November 1947||See [[Greece-Iraq relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 November 1947 when has been accredited Chargé d'Affaires of Greece to Iraq (resident in Beirut) Mr. Nadji Vassiliou.<ref>{{Cite book |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print From 1945 through 1950. Near and Middle East · Volume 7 |publisher=University Publications of America |year=1999 |pages=80}}</ref>

Relations of the Greek and Iraqi peoples are deeply rooted in history, both have developed cultures that have influenced the course of humanity. They date as far back as when [[Alexander the Great]] ruled [[Mesopotamia]] (which name is of Greek origin, meaning "the land between two rivers") and eventually died in [[Babylon]], Iraq. Greece firmly and consistently supports the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq. Greece traditionally maintained good and friendly relations with Iraq due to strong historical and cultural bonds, dating back to ancient times.

* Greece has an embassy in Baghdad.
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Athens]].
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|{{flag|Hungary}}||30 August 1958||See [[Hungary–Iraq relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 August 1958.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Hungary |publisher=Pannonia Press |year=1969 |pages=87}}</ref>
* Hungary is represented in Iraq through its embassy in [[Amman]] ([[Jordan]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hungarian embassy in Amman |url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/JO/en/mainpage.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627135927/http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/JO/en/mainpage.htm |archive-date=27 June 2015 |access-date=28 July 2009}}</ref>
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Budapest]].
* Between August 2003 and March 2005, Hungary had contributed to more than 300 soldiers to the [[Multinational force in Iraq]]. 
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|{{Flag|Italy}}||||See [[Iraq–Italy relations]]
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Rome]].
* Italy has an embassy in Baghdad.
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|{{flag|Netherlands}}||10 May 1935||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1935 when has been accredited Chargé d'Affaires of Netherlands to Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) C. Adriaanse also to Iraq.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Rijks geschiedkundige publicatiën Groote serie · Volume 234 |publisher=1994 |pages=495 |language=nl}}</ref>
* Iraq has an embassy in [[The Hague]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.government.nl/topics/embassies-consulates-and-other-representations/overview-countries-and-regions/iraq/embassy-of-the-republic-of-iraq-s-gravenhage | title=Embassy of the Republic of Iraq ('s-Gravenhage) - Embassies, consulates and other representations - Government.nl | date=21 February 2018 }}</ref>
* Netherlands has an embassy in Baghdad and a consulate-general in [[Erbil]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.netherlandsandyou.nl/your-country-and-the-netherlands/iraq/about-us/embassy-in-bagdad | title=Netherlands embassy in Baghdad - Iraq - Netherlandsandyou.nl | date=7 January 2021 }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Poland}}||22 December 1932||See [[Iraq–Poland relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1932.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SERIA WYDAWNICZA: POLSKA SŁUŻBA ZAGRANICZNA 1918–1945 – materiały źródłowe |url=https://www.archiwa.gov.pl/files/Urzednicy_sluzby_zagranicznej_PDF_small.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222121648/https://www.archiwa.gov.pl/files/Urzednicy_sluzby_zagranicznej_PDF_small.pdf |archive-date=2021-12-22 |access-date=2022-01-14 |page=161 |language=pl}}</ref>
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].
* Poland has an embassy in Baghdad. 
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|{{flag|Portugal}}||<!-- start date -->||

* Iraq has an embassy in [[Lisbon]].
* Portugal is accredited to Iraq from its embassy in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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|{{flag|Romania}}||14 August 1958||See [[Iraq–Romania relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 August 1958.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations of Romania |url=https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Romania}}</ref>
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Bucharest]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministerul Afacerilor Externe |url=http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=5941&idlnk=4&cat=6 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001959/http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=5941&idlnk=4&cat=6 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Romania has an embassy in Baghdad and a consulate in Erbil.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministerul Afacerilor Externe |url=http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=6275&idlnk=4&cat=6 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191135/http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=6275&idlnk=4&cat=6 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Russia}}||<!-- start date -->9 September 1944||See [[Iraq–Russia relations]]
* The [[Soviet Union]] established diplomatic relations with the [[Kingdom of Iraq]] on 9 September 1944.<ref name="mid">{{Cite web |date=26 May 2008 |script-title=ru:Российско-иракские отношения |url=http://www.mid.ru/ns-rasia.nsf/1083b7937ae580ae432569e7004199c2/6b6d8c7dfa1002eac32571950025525a?OpenDocument |access-date=27 January 2009 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation]] |language=ru |archive-date=18 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618081146/http://www.mid.ru/ns-rasia.nsf/1083b7937ae580ae432569e7004199c2/6b6d8c7dfa1002eac32571950025525a?OpenDocument |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Serbia}}||14 August 1958
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 August 1958.<ref name="Middle East Institute">{{Cite book |title=The Middle East Journal Volumes 12-13 |publisher=Middle East Institute |year=1958 |pages=428}}</ref>{{Main|Iraq-Serbia relations}}
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Belgrade]].
* Serbia has an embassy in Baghdad.
* [http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/Iraq/index_e.html Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Iraq] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121221095936/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/Iraq/index_e.html |date=21 December 2012 }}
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|{{flag|Slovenia}}||29 April 2005
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2005 |title=Slovenia Establishes Diplomatic Relations with Iraq |url=http://www.ukom.gov.si/eng/slovenia/publications/slovenia-news/1987/1992/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506001536/http://www.ukom.gov.si/eng/slovenia/publications/slovenia-news/1987/1992/ |archive-date=6 May 2008 |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=Government Communication Office}}</ref>
* In 2005, Slovenian and Iraqi ambassadors to the United Nations, [[Roman Kirn]] and [[Samir Sumaidaie]], signed an agreement at the [[United Nations Headquarters]] in New York.
* Slovenia is the first European country to establish diplomatic relations with Iraq since the appointment of the new [[Iraqi government]].<ref name="SloveniaIraqRelations">{{Cite web |title=Slovenia Iraq Relations |url=http://www.ukom.gov.si/eng/slovenia/publications/slovenia-news/1987/1992/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506001536/http://www.ukom.gov.si/eng/slovenia/publications/slovenia-news/1987/1992/ <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=6 May 2008 |access-date=14 August 2008 |publisher=ukom.gov.si}}</ref>
* Prior to this agreement, Slovenia was already assisting Iraq through [[NATO]] and other international organizations.
* Slovenia did not make efforts to establish relations during the reign of former Iraqi president, [[Saddam Hussein]]. 
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|{{flag|Sweden}}||<!-- start date -->||See [[Iraq–Sweden relations]]

* Iraq has an embassy in [[Stockholm]].
* Sweden closed its embassy in Baghdad in 2023.
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|{{flag|Switzerland}}||1 May 1946
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 May 1946 when has been accredited Minister of Switzerland to Iraq (resident in Cairo) Mr. Daniel Secretan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Malcolm Yapp, Michael Partridge, Paul Preston |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print From 1945 through 1950. Near and Middle East · Volume 7 |publisher=1999 |pages=80}}</ref>
In November 2000 Switzerland opened a diplomatic liaison office in Baghdad to safeguard its interests. Bilateral relations became closer after the Iraq war in 2003. Today Iraq has an embassy in Bern and Switzerland has a representative office in Baghdad. On 3 September 2024, Switzerland reopened its embassy in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bnonews.com/index.php/2024/09/switzerland-reopens-embassy-in-baghdad-after-33-years/ |title=Switzerland reopens embassy in Baghdad after 33 years |publisher=BNO News |date=3 September 2024 }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Ukraine }}||16 December 1992
|See [[Iraq–Ukraine relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Political relations between Ukraine and Iraq |url=https://iraq.mfa.gov.ua/en/partnership/446-politichni-vidnosini-mizh-ukrajinoju-ta-irakom |access-date=12 September 2023 |website=Embassy of Ukraine in the Republic of Iraq}}</ref>
* In May 2001 in [[Baghdad]] the Embassy of Ukraine in Iraq re-opened.<ref name="UkraineIraqRelations">{{Cite web |title=Ukraine NATO: Ukraine-Iraq Relations |url=http://ukraine-nato.gov.ua/nato/en/publication/content/1045.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831202918/http://ukraine-nato.gov.ua/nato/en/publication/content/1045.htm |archive-date=31 August 2011 |access-date=24 August 2008 |publisher=ukraine-nato.gov.ua}}</ref>
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|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||4 October 1932
|See [[Iraq–United Kingdom relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1932.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Epstein |title=The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States. |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |pages=1030}}</ref>

Ties between London and Baghdad are slowly progressing, but relations between the two nations are somewhat uncertain seeing as many Iraqis remember the colonial oppression either they or their ancestors faced at the hands of the British Empire. In other words, relations between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Iraq are close, the two countries aim to increase economic relations through trade and renewing Iraq's infrastructure. In 2013 [[Stephen Green, Baron Green of Hurstpierpoint]], British Minister for Trade and Investment visited Iraq. [[Iraqi Airways]] resumed flights to London in 2013, this comes after a 23-year hiatus.
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