Editing Fog (section)

=== Sea and coastal areas ===
'''Sea fog''' (also known as ''[[Haar (fog)|haar]]'' or ''fret'') is heavily influenced by the presence of [[sea spray]] and microscopic airborne salt crystals. Clouds of all types require minute [[Hygroscopy|hygroscopic]] particles upon which water vapor can condense. Over the ocean surface, the most common particles are salt from salt spray produced by breaking waves. Except in areas of storminess, the most common areas of breaking waves are located near coastlines, hence the greatest densities of airborne salt particles are there.

Condensation on salt particles has been observed to occur at humidities as low as 70%, thus fog can occur even in relatively dry air in suitable locations such as the California coast. Typically, such lower humidity fog is preceded by a transparent mistiness along the coastline as condensation competes with evaporation, a phenomenon that is typically noticeable by beachgoers in the afternoon. Another recently discovered source of condensation nuclei for coastal fog is [[kelp]] seaweed. Researchers have found that under stress (intense sunlight, strong evaporation, etc.), kelp releases particles of [[iodine]] which in turn become nuclei for condensation of water vapor, causing fog that diffuses direct sunlight.<ref>[http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-05/uom-ssc050608.php Stressed seaweed contributes to cloudy coastal skies, study suggests] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511185319/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-05/uom-ssc050608.php |date=11 May 2008 }}, eurekalert.org</ref>

'''[[Sea smoke]]''', also called '''steam fog''' or '''evaporation fog''', is created by cold air passing over warmer water or moist land.<ref name=bbcw>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/fog.shtml Understanding Weather – Fog] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131104702/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/fog.shtml |date=31 January 2009 }}. [[BBC Weather]]. bbc.co.uk</ref> It may cause freezing fog or sometimes [[hoar frost]]. This situation can also lead to the formation of [[steam devils]], which look like their [[dust devil|dust counterparts]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2022 |title=Fog Facts |url=https://www.fastfactsforkids.com/weather-facts/fog-facts-for-kids |publisher=Fast Facts for Kids}}</ref> Lake-effect fog is of this type, sometimes in combination with other causes like radiation fog. It tends to differ from most advective fog formed over land in that it is (like [[lake-effect snow]]) a convective phenomenon, resulting in fog that can be very dense and deep and looks fluffy from above. '''Arctic sea smoke''' is similar to sea smoke but occurs when the air is very cold. Instead of condensing into water droplets, columns of freezing, rising, and condensing water vapor is formed. The water vapor produces the ''sea smoke fog'' and is usually misty and smoke-like.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Arctic Sea Smoke|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Arctic_sea_smoke.aspx|encyclopedia=encyclopedia.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506012219/http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Arctic_sea_smoke.aspx|archive-date=6 May 2016}}</ref>

'''[[Garúa]] fog''' near the coast of [[Chile]] and [[Peru]]<ref>Cowling, R. M., Richardson, D. M., Pierce, S. M. (2004). ''Vegetation of Southern Africa''. [[Cambridge University Press]]. p. 192. {{ISBN|0521548012}}.</ref> occurs when typical fog produced by the sea travels inland but suddenly meets an area of hot air. This causes the water particles of fog to shrink by evaporation, producing a "transparent mist". Garua fog is nearly invisible, yet it still forces drivers to use windshield wipers because of condensation onto cooler hard surfaces. '''[[Camanchaca]]''' is a similar dense fog.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Seattle Columbia Pano2.jpg|Fog rolls into [[Seattle]] from the sea
File:Sea fog encroaching on Brighton pier.jpg|Sea fog or "fret" encroaching on [[Brighton Pier]]
File:MS Europa vor der Insel Jan Mayen im Nebel - 2011.png|Sea fog in the [[Arctic Ocean]] near the island of [[Jan Mayen]]
</gallery>