Editing Flute (section)

===Western transverse===
{{Main|Western concert flute}}
[[File:Flute with musicial notes.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|left|[[Western concert flute]]]]

====Wooden one-keyed====
Usually in D, wooden transverse flutes were played in European classical music mainly in the period from the early 18th century to the early 19th century. As such, the instrument is often indicated as [[baroque flute]]. Gradually marginalized by the Western concert flute in the 19th century, baroque flutes were again played from the late 20th century as part of the [[historically informed performance]] practice.

====Concert====
[[File:Western concert flute.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|An illustration of a [[Western concert flute]]]]
The [[Western concert flute]], a descendant of the medieval German flute, is a transverse treble flute that is closed at the top. An ''[[embouchure]] hole'' is positioned near the top, and the flutist blows across it. The flute has circular tone holes larger than the finger holes of its baroque predecessors. The size and placement of tone holes, key mechanism, and fingering system used to produce the notes in the flute's [[Range (music)|range]] were evolved from 1832 to 1847 by [[Theobald Boehm]], who helped greatly improve the instrument's dynamic range and intonation over its predecessors.<ref>[[Theobald Boehm|Boehm, Theobald]]. (1964). ''The Flute and Flute-Playing in Acoustical, Technical, and Artistic Aspects'', translated by Dayton C. Miller, with a new introduction by Samuel Baron. New York: Dover Publications. {{ISBN|0-486-21259-9}}, pp. 8–12.</ref> With some refinements (and the rare exception of the Kingma system and other custom adapted fingering systems), Western concert flutes typically conform to Boehm's design, known as the [[Boehm system]]. Beginner's flutes are made of nickel, silver, or brass that is silver-plated, while professionals use solid silver, gold, and sometimes even platinum flutes. There are also modern wooden-bodied flutes usually with silver or gold keywork. The wood is usually [[African Blackwood]].

The standard concert flute is pitched in C and has a range of three [[octave]]s starting from [[middle C]] or one half step lower when a B foot is attached. This means that the concert flute is one of the highest-pitched common [[orchestra]] and [[concert band]] instruments.
[[File:Piccolo on red backdrop.jpg|thumb|Grenadilla wood piccolo with a modified wave headjoint]]

====Concert variants====
[[File:Joueuse de flûte à Château-Thierry.jpg|thumb|right|Center: Piccolo. Right: larger flute]]
The [[piccolo]] plays an octave higher than the regular treble flute. Lower members of the flute family include the [[Alto flute|G alto]] and [[Bass flute|C bass]] flutes that are used occasionally, and are pitched a perfect fourth and an octave below the concert flute, respectively. The [[Contra-alto flute|contra-alto]], [[Contrabass flute|contrabass]], [[Subcontrabass flute|subcontrabass]], [[Double contrabass flute|double contrabass]], and [[Hyperbass flute|hyperbass]] flutes are other rare forms of the flute pitched up to four octaves below middle C.

Other sizes of flutes and piccolos are used from time to time. A rarer instrument of the modern pitching system is the G [[treble flute]]. Instruments made according to an older pitch standard, used principally in wind-band music, include D{{music|flat}} piccolo, E{{music|flat}} [[soprano flute]] (Keyed a minor 3rd above the standard C flute), F alto flute, and B{{music|flat}} bass flute.