Editing Flowering plant (section)

=== History of classification ===
{{main|Plant taxonomy}}

[[File:Ehret-Methodus Plantarum Sexualis.jpg|thumb|upright|From 1736, an illustration of Linnaean classification]]

The botanical term "angiosperm", from Greek words {{lang|grc-Latn|angeíon}} ({{wikt-lang|grc|ἀγγεῖον}} 'bottle, vessel') and {{lang|grc-Latn|spérma}} ({{wikt-lang|grc|σπέρμα}} 'seed'), was coined in the form "Angiospermae" by [[Paul Hermann (botanist)|Paul Hermann]] in 1690, including only flowering plants whose seeds were enclosed in capsules.{{sfn|Balfour|Rendle|1911|p=9}} The term angiosperm fundamentally changed in meaning in 1827 with [[Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)|Robert Brown]], when angiosperm came to mean a seed plant with enclosed ovules.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Robert |chapter=Character and description of ''Kingia'', a new genus of plants found on the southwest coast of New Holland: with observations on the structure of its unimpregnated ovulum; and on the female flower of Cycadeae and Coniferae |pages=534–565 |chapter-url={{Google books|RjdCAAAAIAAJ|page=534|plainurl=yes}} |editor=King, Philip Parker |title=Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia: Performed Between the Years 1818 and 1822 |date=1827 |publisher=J. Murray |oclc=185517977 }}</ref><ref name="Buggs-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Buggs |first=Richard J.A. |date=January 2021 |title=The origin of Darwin's "abominable mystery" |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=108 |issue=1 |pages=22–36 |doi=10.1002/ajb2.1592 |pmid=33482683 |s2cid=231689158 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 1851, with [[Wilhelm Friedrich Benedikt Hofmeister|Wilhelm Hofmeister]]'s work on embryo-sacs, Angiosperm came to have its modern meaning of all the flowering plants including Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons.<ref name="Buggs-2021"/>{{sfn|Balfour|Rendle|1911|p=10}} The [[APG system]]{{sfn|APG|2009}} treats the flowering plants as an unranked clade without a formal Latin name (angiosperms). A formal classification was published alongside the 2009 revision in which the flowering plants rank as the subclass Magnoliidae.{{sfn|Chase|Reveal|2009}} From 1998, the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] (APG) has reclassified the angiosperms, with updates in the [[APG II system]] in 2003,{{sfn|APG|2003}} the [[APG III system]] in 2009,{{sfn|APG|2009}}<ref>{{cite press release |title=As easy as APG III – Scientists revise the system of classifying flowering plants |publisher=The Linnean Society of London |url=https://www.linnean.org/index.php?id=448 |access-date=2 October 2009 |date=8 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126092206/https://www.linnean.org/index.php?id=448 |archive-date=26 November 2010}}</ref> and the [[APG IV system]] in 2016.{{sfn|APG|2016}}