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Fernão Pires de Andrade
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====First contact==== Although the mission was stalled once they lost a ship in the [[Strait of Malacca]],<ref name="cambridge 336"/> they nonetheless landed at the [[Pearl River estuary]] on August 15 with eight ships<ref name="cambridge 336"/> and negotiated with Chinese officials for possible [[silk]] and [[porcelain]] trade at [[Guangzhou|Canton]]. The Chinese naval commander of [[Nantou, Zhongshan|Nantou]] (under the jurisdiction of [[Zhongshan]], located at the mouth of the Pearl River) stalled Andrade's small fleet of ships for an entire month while Andrade waited for permission to sail upriver to Canton.<ref name="cambridge 337">Wills, 337.</ref> After Andrade threatened to sail upriver without permission, the naval commander finally decided to let him pass, granting him pilots to assist his travel.<ref name="cambridge 337"/> Once the ships sailed into port at Canton, they alarmed the Chinese residents and officials there by discharging cannon fire, what they believed was a friendly salute since the Chinese merchants had done so when the Portuguese earlier arrived in Malacca.<ref name="cambridge 337"/> Chinese officials became even more cautious in dealing with the Portuguese, since the deposed King of Malacca had been a loyal tributary to the imperial Ming court.<ref name="cambridge 337"/> The Portuguese explained that in deposing the Malaccan king, they were helping the Chinese merchants there who were being oppressed under his rule. In the eyes of the Canton officials, this added further negative speculations about the Portuguese visitors, because private Chinese overseas trade was banned under the current [[hai jin]] laws that stated only the Chinese government could conduct foreign trade.<ref name="cambridge 337"/> [[File:East China Sea Map.jpg|thumb|300px|The [[Ryukyu Islands]], where Jorge de Mascarenhas was sent by Andrade.]] Although the local Canton officials watched the Portuguese and their ships closely, once the [[Province (China)|provincial authorities]] arrived at Canton they greeted the Portuguese with a warm reception, providing them comfortable lodgings and had their trade goods brought ashore.<ref name="cambridge 337"/> The Chinese became suspicious once again of Andrade, this time for being a spy, when he sent a ship along the [[Fujian]] coast to look for further trade prospects, but he left a good impression when he gave the order that any locals who might be harmed by a Portuguese should seek him for redress.<ref name="cambridge 337"/> Besides exploring Fujian, Andrade sent one of his captains named Jorge de Mascarenhas to explore the [[Ryukyu Islands]] after he heard of their beauty while stationed in Malacca.<ref name="Nowell 8">Nowell, 8.</ref>
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