Editing Fairbanks, Alaska (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Fairbanks by Sentinel-2, 2021-07-01.jpg|thumb|Satellite image of Fairbanks in 2021]]

===Topography===
[[File:Fairbanks area - aerial view - P1040583.jpg|thumb|The Fairbanks area in winter, looking north. The Tanana River stretches across the photo south of the city; the airport is west of the city.]]
Fairbanks is in the central [[Tanana Valley]], straddling the [[Chena River]] near its confluence with the [[Tanana River]]. Immediately north of the city is a chain of hills that rises gradually until it reaches the [[White Mountains (Alaska)|White Mountains]] and the [[Yukon River]]. The city's southern border is the Tanana River. South of the river is the Tanana Flats, an area of marsh and bog that stretches for more than {{convert|100|mi|km}} until it rises into the [[Alaska Range]], which is visible from Fairbanks on clear days.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alaska Range Overlook Fairbanks, the Yukon, and the Interior Review|url=http://www.fodors.com/world/north-america/usa/alaska/fairbanks-the-yukon-and-the-interior/review-430988.html|website=Fodor's Travel}}</ref> To the east and west are low valleys separated by ridges of hills up to {{convert|3000|ft|m}} above sea level.<ref name="USGS110">U.S. Geological Survey. "Bulletin – United States Geological Survey, Issue 284", U.S. Geological Survey. 1906. P. 110.</ref>

The Tanana Valley is crossed by many low streams and rivers that flow into the Tanana River. In Fairbanks, the Chena River flows southwest until it empties into the Tanana.<ref name="USGS110"/> Noyes Slough, which heads and foots off the Chena River, creates Garden Island, a district connected to the rest of Fairbanks by bridges and [[culvert]]ed roads.<ref>Geographic Names Information System. [http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1402476 "Garden Island"], U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed September 30, 2009.</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has an area of {{convert|32.7|sqmi|km2}}; {{convert|31.9|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|0.8|sqmi|km2}} of it (2.48%) is water.

===Location===
[[File:Fairbanks and Hayes Range.jpg|thumb|View of Fairbanks and [[Hayes Range]]]]
The city is extremely far north, close to 16 degrees north of the Pacific border between the U.S. and [[Canada]]. It is on roughly the same parallel as the northern Swedish city of [[Skellefteå]] and Finnish city of [[Oulu]], just south of the [[Arctic Circle]]. Because of this, the [[twilight|white night]] or "Midnight Sun" phenomenon occurs here around the summer solstice.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.alaska.org/advice/shortest-day-in-alaska | title=Shortest Day in Alaska &#124; Hours of Daylight in Winter }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.explorefairbanks.com/explore-the-area/midnight-sun-season/ | title=Midnight Sun Season &#124; Explore Fairbanks, Alaska }}</ref> Due to its warm summers, Fairbanks is south of the arctic [[tree line]].

===Climate===
Fairbanks's climate is classified as a [[humid continental climate]] bordering on a [[subarctic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb'' bordering on ''Dfc'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]] ''Dclc'' bordering on ''Eclc'', although some portions of Fairbanks MSA like [[College, Alaska|College]] firmly classifies as subarctic),<ref>University of Melbourne. [http://climate.gi.alaska.edu/courses/geog401/World_Koppen_Map.jpg “World map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification”] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325031826/http://climate.gi.alaska.edu/courses/geog401/World_Koppen_Map.jpg |date=March 25, 2009 }}. climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed October 4, 2009.</ref> with long, very cold winters and short, warm summers. October through February are the snowiest months, and there is usually additional snow from March to May. On average, the season's first accumulating snowfall and first inch of snow fall on October 1 and 11, respectively; the average last inch and last accumulating snowfall are respectively on March 29 and April 15, though there can be snow flurries in May.<ref name = "NWS Fairbanks, AK (PAFG)"/> The [[snowpack]] is established by October 18, on average, and remains until April 23.<ref>Staff Report. [http://www.newsminer.com/news/2009/sep/22/Snow-forecast-for-area-hills/ ‘Snow forecast for Fairbanks-area hills’] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925181417/http://newsminer.com/news/2009/sep/22/Snow-forecast-for-area-hills/ |date=September 25, 2009 }}, ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. September 22, 2009. Accessed October 4, 2009.</ref><ref name = "NWS Fairbanks, AK (PAFG)"/> Snow occasionally arrives early and in large amounts. On September 13, 1992, {{convert|8|in|cm}} of snow fell in the city, bending trees still laden with fall leaves. That September was also one of the snowiest on record, as {{convert|24|in|cm}} fell, compared to the 1991-2020 median of only a trace during the month.<ref name = "NWS Fairbanks, AK (PAFG)"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rozell |first=Ned |date=September 27, 2009 |title=Albedo change about to alter Alaska |work=Fairbanks Daily News-Miner |department=Sundays |page=E3 |publication-place=Interior Alaska |volume=CV |issue=267 |issn=8750-5495 |id=[[NewspaperArchive]] [https://newspaperarchive.com/fairbanks-daily-news-miner-sep-27-2009-p-35/ fairbanks-daily-news-miner-sep-27-2009-p-35] (institutional version: [https://access.newspaperarchive.com/us/alaska/fairbanks/fairbanks-daily-news-miner/2009/09-27/page-35 us/alaska/fairbanks/fairbanks-daily-news-miner/2009/09-27/page-35])}}</ref> November and December are the snowiest months, while in contrast, March and April are not very snowy and are typically very dry months in central Alaska. The snowiest season on record lasted from July 1990 to June 1991 with a snowfall of {{convert|147.3|in|m|2}}, while the least snowy period recorded was from July 1918 to June 1919 with a snowfall of only {{convert|12.0|in|m|2}}.<ref name="NWS Fairbanks, AK (PAFG)" />

The average first and last dates with a freezing temperature are September 11 and May 14, respectively, allowing an average growing season of 119 days. However, freezes have occurred in June, July, and August; the last light frost is often in early June; and the first light fall frost is often in late August or early September.<ref name = "NWS Fairbanks, AK (PAFG)"/> The plant [[hardiness zone]] is 2 with annual mean minimums below -40.

Fairbanks is the coldest city in the United States among cities with a population of at least 10,000 people.<ref name=":1">The Daily Beast. [http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2010/12/10/america-s-25-coldest-cities.html "America's 25 Coldest Cities"]. Accessed February 10, 2015</ref> Normal monthly <!--average of (high+low)--> mean temperatures range from {{convert|-8.3|°F|1}} in January to {{convert|62.9|°F|1}} in July. On average, temperatures reach {{convert|-40|°F|0}} and {{convert|80|°F|0}} on 7.0 and 13&nbsp;days annually, respectively, and the last winter that failed to reach the former mark was that of 2022–23.<ref name = "NWS Fairbanks, AK (PAFG)"/> Between 1995 and 2008, inclusive, Fairbanks failed to record a temperature of {{convert|90|°F|0|disp=or}}.<ref>Mowry, Tim. [http://newsminer.com/news/2009/jul/08/record-high-temperature-recorded-fairbanks/ "Record high temperature recorded in Fairbanks"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712063359/http://www.newsminer.com/news/2009/jul/08/record-high-temperature-recorded-fairbanks/ |date=July 12, 2009 }}, ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. July 8, 2009. Accessed October 7, 2009.</ref> The highest recorded temperature in Fairbanks was {{convert|99|°F|0}} on July 28, 1919,<ref name="JulyRecordHigh"/> just a degree cooler than Alaska-wide record high temperature of {{convert|100|°F|0}}, recorded in [[Fort Yukon]]. The lowest was {{convert|-66|°F|0}} on [[:c:File:Climatological Data for Fairbanks Area, AK (ThreadEx) - January 1934.pdf|January 14, 1934]]. The warmest calendar year in Fairbanks was 2019, when the average annual temperature was {{convert|32.5|°F|1}}, while the coldest was 1956<!-- There is no data for August 1909, so 1909 cannot be considered the coldest "year" on record --> with an annual mean temperature of {{convert|21.3|°F|1}}. The warmest month has been July 1975 with a monthly mean of {{convert|68.4|°F|1}} and the coldest January 1906 which averaged {{convert|-36.4|°F|1}}. Low temperatures below {{convert|0|°F|0|disp=or}} have been recorded in every month outside June through September. The record cold daily ''maximum'' is {{convert|-58|°F|0}} on January 18, 1906, and the record warm daily minimum is {{convert|76|°F|0}} on June 26, 1915; the only other occurrence of a {{convert|70|°F|0}} daily minimum was June 25, 2013, in the midst of a particularly warm summer.<ref name = "NWS Fairbanks, AK (PAFG)"/>

These widely varying temperature extremes are due to three main factors: [[Inversion (meteorology)|temperature inversions]], daylight, and wind direction.<ref>Alaska Climate Research Center. [http://climate.gi.alaska.edu/stations/Interior/Fairbanks.html “Fairbanks weather”] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609234816/http://climate.gi.alaska.edu/Stations/Interior/Fairbanks.html |date=June 9, 2010 }}, climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed October 7, 2009.</ref> In winter, Fairbanks' low-lying location at the bottom of the Tanana Valley causes cold air to accumulate in and around the city. Warmer air rises to the tops of the hills north of Fairbanks, while the city itself experiences one of the biggest temperature inversions on Earth.<ref name=":2">Rozell, Ned. [https://web.archive.org/web/20041114132038/http://www.sitnews.us/0104news/013104/013104_ak_science.html “Death of a Temperature Inversion”], Stories In The News. Ketchikan, Alaska. January 31, 2004. Accessed May 24, 2018.</ref> Heating through sunlight is limited because of Fairbanks's high-latitude location. At the [[winter solstice]], the center of the sun's disk is less than two degrees over the horizon (1.7 degrees) at the local noon (not the time zone noon). Fairbanks experiences 3&nbsp;hours and 41&nbsp;minutes of sunlight on December 21 and 22. At the summer solstice, about 182 days later, on June 20 and 21, Fairbanks receives 21&nbsp;hours and 49&nbsp;minutes of sunlight.<ref>Fairbanks, Alaska is:. (November 13, 2012) but solar maximum elevation at the local noon is over 48 degrees at the disk center</ref> After sunset, twilight is bright enough to allow daytime activities without any electric lights, since the center of the sun's disk is just 1.7 degrees below horizon.<ref name="Chamberclimate">Greater Fairbanks Chamber of Commerce. [http://www.fairbankschamber.org/live_work/facts.html#climate “Climate”] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603100538/http://www.fairbankschamber.org/live_work/facts.html |date=June 3, 2009 }}, fairbankschamber.org. Accessed October 7, 2009.</ref> During winter, the direction of the wind also causes large temperature swings in Fairbanks. When the wind blows from any direction but the south, average weather ensues. Wind from the south can carry warm, moist air from the Gulf of Alaska, greatly warming temperatures. When coupled with a [[chinook wind]], temperatures well above freezing often result.<ref name="Shulski154">Shulski, p. 154</ref><ref>Mowry, Tim. [http://www.newsminer.com/news/2009/jan/16/chinook-brings-record-temperatures-interior-alaska/ ‘Chinook brings record temperatures to Interior Alaska’] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326133845/http://newsminer.com/news/2009/jan/16/chinook-brings-record-temperatures-interior-alaska/ |date=March 26, 2009 }}, ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. January 16, 2009. Accessed October 7, 2009.</ref> For example, in the record warm January 1981, Fairbanks' average maximum temperature was {{convert|28.7|°F|1}} and 15 days that month had high temperatures above freezing. Meanwhile, during a spell of sustained chinook winds from December 4 to 8, 1934, the temperature topped {{convert|50|°F|0}} for five consecutive days.<ref name = "NWS Fairbanks, AK (PAFG)"/> Unusual for such a cold place, Fairbanks has experienced temperatures of {{convert|50|°F|0}} or higher in all 12 months.

In addition to the chinook wind, Fairbanks experiences a handful of other unusual meteorological conditions. In summer, dense [[wildfire]] smoke accumulates in the Tanana Valley, affecting the weather and causing health concerns.<ref>Mowry, Tim. [http://www.newsminer.com/news/2009/jul/31/wildfires-send-worst-air-summer-across-fairbanks/ "Wildfires send worst air of the summer across Fairbanks"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801144829/http://www.newsminer.com/news/2009/jul/31/wildfires-send-worst-air-summer-across-fairbanks/ |date=August 1, 2009 }}, ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. July 31, 2009. Accessed October 7, 2009.</ref><ref>Staff Report. [http://www.newsminer.com/news/2009/aug/06/dense-smoke-shuts-down-fairbanks-airport/ "Dense smoke cancels flights at Fairbanks airport"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808195717/http://www.newsminer.com/news/2009/aug/06/dense-smoke-shuts-down-fairbanks-airport/ |date=August 8, 2009 }}, ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. August 6, 2009. Accessed October 7, 2009.</ref> When temperature inversions arise in winter, heavy [[ice fog]] often results. Ice fog occurs when air is too cold to absorb additional moisture, such as that released by automobile engines or human breath. Instead of dissipating, the water freezes into microscopic crystals that are suspended in the air, forming fog.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cole |first=Dermot |date=January 4, 2009 |title=Dispelling some foggy notions about ice fog, inversions and Fairbanks weather |work=Fairbanks Daily News-Miner |department=Interior/Alaska |page=B1 |publication-place=Interior Alaska |volume=CV |issue=3 |issn=8750-5495 |id=[[NewspaperArchive]] [https://newspaperarchive.com/fairbanks-daily-news-miner-jan-04-2009-p-9/ fairbanks-daily-news-miner-jan-04-2009-p-9] (institutional version: [https://access.newspaperarchive.com/us/alaska/fairbanks/fairbanks-daily-news-miner/2009/01-04/page-9 us/alaska/fairbanks/fairbanks-daily-news-miner/2009/01-04/page-9])}}</ref> Another one of Fairbanks' unusual occurrences is the prevalence of the [[aurora borealis]], commonly called the northern lights, which are visible on average more than 200&nbsp;days per year in the vicinity of Fairbanks.<ref>Garrett, Jerry. [http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/03/02/travel/escapes/02Alaska.html?scp=1&sq=Fairbanks%20aurora&st=cse "The cold show in Fairbanks, Alaska"], ''The New York Times''. March 2, 2007. Accessed October 7, 2009.</ref> The northern lights are not visible in the summer months due to the 24 hour daylight of the midnight sun. Fairbanks also has extremely low [[seasonal lag]]; the year's warmest month is July, which averages only {{convert|1.9|F-change}} warmer than June. Average daily temperatures begin to fall by late July and more markedly in August, which on average is {{convert|4.0|F-change}} cooler than June.<ref name = "NWS Fairbanks, AK (PAFG)"/>

From 1949 to 2018, Fairbanks's mean annual temperature has risen by {{convert|3.9|F-change}}, a change comparable to the Alaska-wide average; winter was the season with the highest increase, at {{convert|8.1|F-change}},<ref name="tempchange">{{cite web |publisher=Alaska Climate Research Center |url=http://climate.gi.alaska.edu/ClimTrends/Change/TempChange.html |title=Temperature change in Alaska |website=climate.gi.alaska.edu |access-date=September 24, 2019 |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718101916/http://climate.gi.alaska.edu/ClimTrends/Change/TempChange.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> while autumn had the smallest, at only {{convert|1.5|F-change}}.<ref name="tempchange"/> However, the mean annual temperature increase from 1976 to 2018 in Fairbanks stood at a more moderate {{convert|0.7|F-change}}; this stepwise temperature change, also observed elsewhere in Alaska, is explained by the [[Pacific Decadal Oscillation]] shifting from a negative phase to a positive phase from 1976 onward.<ref name="tempchange"/>

<section begin="weather box" />{{Weather box
| location = [[Fairbanks International Airport]], Alaska (1991–2020 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.}} extremes 1904&ndash;present{{efn|Records for Fairbanks have been kept at the Fairbanks International Airport since December 1929 and at an undisclosed location from September 1904 to November 1929. For more information, see [http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ ThreadEx]}})
| single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 52
| Feb record high F = 50
| Mar record high F = 56
| Apr record high F = 76
| May record high F = 90
| Jun record high F = 96
| Jul record high F = 99
| Aug record high F = 93
| Sep record high F = 84
| Oct record high F = 72
| Nov record high F = 54
| Dec record high F = 58
| year record high F = 99
| Jan avg record high F = 29.7
| Feb avg record high F = 35.4
| Mar avg record high F = 45.1
| Apr avg record high F = 61.9
| May avg record high F = 76.6
| Jun avg record high F = 85.1
| Jul avg record high F = 85.0
| Aug avg record high F = 80.0
| Sep avg record high F = 69.3
| Oct avg record high F = 54.8
| Nov avg record high F = 32.7
| Dec avg record high F = 32.2
|year avg record high F = 87.5
| Jan high F = 0.6
| Feb high F = 11.6
| Mar high F = 24.9
| Apr high F = 45.6
| May high F = 62.1
| Jun high F = 71.8
| Jul high F = 72.7
| Aug high F = 66.4
| Sep high F = 55.3
| Oct high F = 34.1
| Nov high F = 12.3
| Dec high F = 4.3
| year high F = 38.5
| Jan mean F = -8.3
| Feb mean F = 0.2
| Mar mean F = 10.7
| Apr mean F = 33.7
| May mean F = 50.3
| Jun mean F = 61.0
| Jul mean F = 62.9
| Aug mean F = 57.0
| Sep mean F = 45.8
| Oct mean F = 26.2
| Nov mean F = 4.1
| Dec mean F = -4.3
| year mean F = 28.3
| Jan low F = −17.2
| Feb low F = −11.2
| Mar low F = −3.4
| Apr low F = 21.7
| May low F = 38.6
| Jun low F = 50.2
| Jul low F = 53.1
| Aug low F = 47.6
| Sep low F = 36.2
| Oct low F = 18.4
| Nov low F = −4.1
| Dec low F = -13.0
| year low F = 18.1
| Jan avg record low F = −43.2
| Feb avg record low F = -36.0
| Mar avg record low F = −27.3
| Apr avg record low F = −2.4
| May avg record low F = 26.2
| Jun avg record low F = 40.2
| Jul avg record low F = 44.2
| Aug avg record low F = 36.1
| Sep avg record low F = 23.4
| Oct avg record low F = −2.9
| Nov avg record low F = −25.9
| Dec avg record low F = −36.5
|year avg record low F = −45.8
| Jan record low F = -66
| Feb record low F = −58
| Mar record low F = −56
| Apr record low F = −32
| May record low F = −1
| Jun record low F = 28
| Jul record low F = 30
| Aug record low F = 21
| Sep record low F = 3
| Oct record low F = −28
| Nov record low F = −54
| Dec record low F = −62
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 0.61
| Feb precipitation inch = 0.52
| Mar precipitation inch = 0.40
| Apr precipitation inch = 0.34
| May precipitation inch = 0.54
| Jun precipitation inch = 1.48
| Jul precipitation inch = 2.26
| Aug precipitation inch = 2.10
| Sep precipitation inch = 1.35
| Oct precipitation inch = 0.76
| Nov precipitation inch = 0.74
| Dec precipitation inch = 0.57
| year precipitation inch = 11.67
| Jan snow inch = 10.2
| Feb snow inch = 10.0
| Mar snow inch = 6.5
| Apr snow inch = 3.1
| May snow inch = 0.9
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 2.3
| Oct snow inch = 8.2
| Nov snow inch = 12.5
| Dec snow inch = 10.9
| year snow inch = 64.6
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 8.7
| Feb precipitation days = 6.9
| Mar precipitation days = 5.7
| Apr precipitation days = 3.7
| May precipitation days = 6.2
| Jun precipitation days = 10.8
| Jul precipitation days = 12.8
| Aug precipitation days = 13.5
| Sep precipitation days = 10.7
| Oct precipitation days = 9.8
| Nov precipitation days = 9.5
| Dec precipitation days = 8.8
| year precipitation days = 107.1
| unit snow days = 0.1 in
| Jan snow days = 10.2
| Feb snow days = 8.3
| Mar snow days = 6.7
| Apr snow days = 2.6
| May snow days = 0.6
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 1.3
| Oct snow days = 8.3
| Nov snow days = 11.2
| Dec snow days = 10.4
| year snow days = 59.6
| Jan humidity = 69.3
| Feb humidity = 65.5
| Mar humidity = 60.4
| Apr humidity = 56.2
| May humidity = 50.2
| Jun humidity = 56.6
| Jul humidity = 64.2
| Aug humidity = 70.8
| Sep humidity = 68.9
| Oct humidity = 74.1
| Nov humidity = 72.8
| Dec humidity = 71.3
| Jan dew point C = −27.2
| Feb dew point C = −24.4
| Mar dew point C = −17.9
| Apr dew point C = −8.8
| May dew point C = −1.3
| Jun dew point C = 5.9
| Jul dew point C = 9.3
| Aug dew point C = 7.8
| Sep dew point C = 1.4
| Oct dew point C = −8.1
| Nov dew point C = −19.9
| Dec dew point C = −25.1
| Jan sun = 54
| Feb sun = 120
| Mar sun = 224
| Apr sun = 302
| May sun = 319
| Jun sun = 334
| Jul sun = 274
| Aug sun = 164
| Sep sun = 122
| Oct sun = 85
| Nov sun = 71
| Dec sun = 36
| year sun = 
| source 1 = <ref>Shulski, p. 155</ref><ref>Alaska Climate Research Center. [http://climate.gi.alaska.edu/Climate/Location/Interior/Fairbanks.html "Fairbanks International Airport, AK"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111004909/http://climate.gi.alaska.edu/Climate/Location/Interior/Fairbanks.html |date=January 11, 2013 }}, climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed October 4, 2009.</ref> [[NOAA]] (relative humidity 1961–1990)<ref name="NWS Fairbanks, AK (PAFG)">{{cite web |url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=afg |title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date = May 8, 2021}}</ref><ref name="NCDC txt PAFA">{{cite web 
|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00026411&format=pdf 
|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
|title=Station: FAIRBANKS INTL AP, AK 
|work=U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) 
|access-date=May 8, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509054622/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00026411&format=pdf
|archive-date=May 9, 2023}}</ref><ref name= "NOAA RH">{{cite web 
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP1/70261.TXT 
| title = WMO Climate Normals for FAIRBANKS/INTL, AK 1961&ndash;1990 
| access-date = August 31, 2020 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230509054600/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP1/70261.TXT
| archive-date = May 9, 2023}}</ref><ref name="JulyRecordHigh">{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather.gov/afg/localClimate|title=Northern Alaska Climate (Contains high temperature records for July 28, 1919)|publisher=[[National Weather Service]]|access-date=July 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730115427/https://www.weather.gov/afg/localClimate|archive-date=July 30, 2023}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[Danish Meteorological Institute]] (sun, 1931–1960)<ref name=DMI>{{cite web | last1 = Cappelen | first1 = John | last2 = Jensen | first2 = Jens | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf | archive-date = April 27, 2013 | url = http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf | work = Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931-1960) | title = USA - Fairbanks, Alaska | page = 303 | publisher = Danish Meteorological Institute | language = da | access-date = March 14, 2016}}</ref>
| source = 
}}<section end="weather box" />
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
| table=Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Fairbanks.tab
| title=Fairbanks monthly weather statistics
}}

===Notes===
{{notelist}}