Editing European Space Agency (section)

==Activities and programmes==
{{Main|List of European Space Agency programs and missions}}

The ESA describes its work in two overlapping ways:
* For the general public, the various fields of work are described as "Activities".
* Budgets are organised as "Programmes".

These are either mandatory or optional.

===Activities===
According to the ESA website, the activities are:
*Observing the Earth
*Human and Robotic Exploration
*Launchers
*Navigation
*Space Science
*Space Engineering & Technology
*Operations
*Telecommunications & Integrated Applications
*Preparing for the Future
*Space for Climate<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montanari |first=Elias |title=Satellite-based air traffic management (ATM) systems' impact on CO2 emission – IAF Digital Library |url=https://dl.iafastro.directory/event/IAC-2022/paper/67433/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=dl.iafastro.directory}}</ref>

===Programmes===
{{cmn|colwidth=20em|
*[[Horizon 2000]]
*[[Cosmic Vision]]
*[[Aurora programme|Aurora]]
*[https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/Terrae_Novae_Europe_s_exploration_vision Terrae Novae Programme]
*[[Copernicus Programme]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus|title=Copernicus|website=www.esa.int|access-date=14 May 2022|archive-date=14 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514235714/https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Navigation/Galileo/What_is_Galileo|title=What is Galileo?|website=www.esa.int|access-date=14 May 2022|archive-date=14 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514235710/https://www.esa.int/Applications/Navigation/Galileo/What_is_Galileo|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Living Planet Programme]]
}}

====Mandatory====
Every member country (known as 'Member States') must contribute to these programmes:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.czechspaceportal.cz/en/section-2/space-policy-eu---esa/mandatory-activities/ |title=Mandatory activities – ITS, Space Activities and R&D Department |website=www.czechspaceportal.cz |access-date=13 February 2016 |archive-date=16 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216115313/http://www.czechspaceportal.cz/en/section-2/space-policy-eu---esa/mandatory-activities/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[European Space Agency Science Programme]] is a long-term programme of space science missions.

*Technology Development Element Programme<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Engineering_Technology/Shaping_the_Future/About_the_Technology_Development_Element_programme_TDE |title=About the Technology Development Element programme (TDE) |last=esa |website=European Space Agency |language=en-GB |access-date=4 September 2019 |archive-date=4 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904133200/https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Engineering_Technology/Shaping_the_Future/About_the_Technology_Development_Element_programme_TDE |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Science Core Technology Programme
*General Study Programme
*European Component Initiative

====Optional====
Depending on their individual choices the countries can contribute to the following programmes, becoming 'Participating States', listed according to:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/About_Us/Ministerial_Council_2012/FACT_SHEET |title=Fact Sheet  |publisher=European Space Agency |access-date=13 February 2016 |archive-date=16 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216112224/http://www.esa.int/About_Us/Ministerial_Council_2012/FACT_SHEET |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{cmn|colwidth=20em|
*Launchers
*Earth Observation
*Human Spaceflight and Exploration
*Telecommunications
*Navigation
*Space Situational Awareness
*Technology
}}