Editing Esperanto orthography (section)

=== Spelling alphabets ===
Another strategy is to use a [[spelling alphabet]] (''literuma alfabeto''), which substitutes ordinary words for letters. The following words are sometimes seen:

From a German–Esperanto dictionary by [[Erich-Dieter Krause]]:<ref>http://bertilow.com/pmeg/gramatiko/oa-vortecaj_vortetoj/liternomoj.html<br />Although this source claims these words are "used by" the World Esperanto Association, it was in fact simply reprinted in the 1995 edition of the ''Jarlibro'' (p. 93).</ref>

:''Asfalto, Barbaro, Centimetro, Ĉefo, Doktoro, Elemento, Fabriko, Gumo, Ĝirafo, Hotelo, Ĥaoso, Insekto, Jubileo, Ĵurnalo, Kilogramo, Legendo, Maŝino, Naturo, Oktobro, Papero, Kuo, Rekordo, Salato, Ŝilingo, Triumfo, Universo, Universo-hoketo, Vulkano, Ĝermana vo, Ikso, Ipsilono, Zinko''{{NoteTag|A few of these words may be difficult to distinguish from other Esperanto words in noisy conditions, such as ''gumo – kubo, naturo – maturo – daturo, maŝino – baseno, vulkano – bulgaro,'' and ''zinko – ŝinko'', and so may not be easily recognizable if the system is not known.}}

A proposal by [[Simon Edward Adrian Payne]] in ''[[Monato]]'':<ref>''Monato, internacia magazino sendependa'', numero 1996/01, paĝo 22: 'Bonvolu l-i-t-e-r-umi!'</ref>
:''akvo, baldaŭ, cedro, ĉirkaŭ, dolĉa, eĥo, fajfi, golfo, ĝis, hejme, ĥoro, iĝi, jaĥto, ĵuri, korpo, lingvo, morgaŭ, nokto, ofte, pelvo, kuo, riĉa, sankta, ŝaŭmi, tempo, uzi, ŭa-ŭa, vespo, vavo, ikso, ipsilono, zorgi''{{NoteTag|A few of these words may also be difficult to distinguish from other Esperanto words or, in the cases of ''golfo'' and ''korpo'', also ''ŭa-ŭa'' and ''vavo'', even from each other.}}

A proposal by [[Gerrit François Makkink]], in which most words are tetrasyllabic so that the syllable beginning with the letter in question receives secondary stress (though only in ''Varsovio'' do both stressed syllables begin with the letter):<ref>G F Makkink: ''Nia Fundamento sub lupeo''</ref>
:''Akademio, bondeziro, centjariĝo, Ĉe-metodo, delegito, Esperanto, Fundamento, gramatiko, ĝisrevido, harmonio, ĥorkantado, internacia, jubileo, ĵurnalisto, kalendaro, Ludoviko, modernigo, necesejo, okupita, propagando, kuo, redaktoro, sekretario, ŝatokupo, telefono, universala, u-supersigno, Varsovio, vuo, ikso, ipsilono, Zamenhofo''

The [[International League of Esperantist Radio Amateurs]] (ILERA) uses the following adaptation of the [[International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet]] (ICAO and NATO "phonetic" alphabet):
:''alfa, bravo, carli, delta, eko, fokstrot, golf, hotel, india, juliet, kilo, lima, majk, november, oskar, papa, kebek, romeo, siera, tango, uniform, viktor, ŭiski'' ~ ''viski, eksrej, janki, zulu''

ILERA also modifies the numerals ''ses'' '6' and ''sep'' '7' to ''sis'' and ''sepen'' to make them more distinct, and uses the nominal form ''nulo'' for zero.