Editing Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome (section)

== History ==

The first case of eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome was reported to the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) in November 1989, although some cases had occurred as early as 2–3 years before this.<ref name=pmid1763543 /><ref name=pmid2391954>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM | title = Eosinophilia, myopathy, and neuropathy in a patient with repeated use of L-tryptophan | journal = Klinische Wochenschrift | volume = 68 | issue = 14 | pages = 735–8 | date = July 1990 | pmid = 2391954 | doi = 10.1007/bf01647582 | s2cid = 22468962 }}</ref><ref name=pmid1863073>{{cite journal | vauthors = Blauvelt A, Falanga V | title = Idiopathic and L-tryptophan-associated eosinophilic fasciitis before and after L-tryptophan contamination | journal = Archives of Dermatology | volume = 127 | issue = 8 | pages = 1159–66 | date = August 1991 | pmid = 1863073 | doi = 10.1001/archderm.127.8.1159 }}</ref><ref name=pmid3336240>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lakhanpal S, Duffy J, Engel AG | title = Eosinophilia associated with perimyositis and pneumonitis | journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings | volume = 63 | issue = 1 | pages = 37–41 | date = January 1988 | pmid = 3336240 | doi = 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62663-9 }}</ref><ref name=pmid2222105>{{cite journal | vauthors = Strongwater SL, Woda BA, Yood RA, Rybak ME, Sargent J, DeGirolami U, Smith TW, Varnis C, Allen S, Murphy K | display-authors = 6 | title = Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with L-tryptophan ingestion. Analysis of four patients and implications for differential diagnosis and pathogenesis | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 150 | issue = 10 | pages = 2178–86 | date = October 1990 | pmid = 2222105 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.150.10.2178 }}</ref> In total, more than 1,500 cases of EMS were reported to the CDC, as well as at least 37 EMS-associated deaths. After preliminary investigation revealed that the outbreak was linked to intake of tryptophan, the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) recalled tryptophan supplements in 1989 and banned most public sales in 1990,<ref name= FDA_Tryptophan_Info>{{cite web | url = http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ds-tryp1.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050225100757/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ds-tryp1.html | archive-date = 2005-02-25 | title = Information Paper on L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan | date = 2001-02-01 | publisher = FU. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling, and Dietary Supplements | access-date = 2012-02-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/l-tryptophan-uses-and-risks#1 |title=L-tryptophan: Uses and Risks |website=[[WebMD]] |date=2017-05-12 |access-date=2017-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Altman|first1=Lawrence K.|title=Studies Tie Disorder to Maker of Food Supplement|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/27/us/studies-tie-disorder-to-maker-of-food-supplement.html|work=The New York Times|date=27 April 1990}}</ref> with other countries following suit.  This  FDA restriction was loosened in 2001, and fully lifted in 2005.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Castot A, Bidault I, Bournerias I, Carlier P, Efthymiou ML | title = ["Eosinophilia-myalgia" syndrome due to L-tryptophan containing products. Cooperative evaluation of French Regional Centers of Pharmacovigilance. Analysis of 24 cases] | journal = Therapie | volume = 46 | issue = 5 | pages = 355–65 | date = 1991 | pmid = 1754978 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=COT Statement On Tryptophan and the Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome|url=https://cot.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/cot/tryptophanamend200401.pdf|publisher=UK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment|date=June 2004|access-date=2017-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331221646/http://cot.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/cot/tryptophanamend200401.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since the initial ban on L-tryptophan, a normal metabolite of the compound in mammals, [[5-Hydroxytryptophan|5-hydroxtryptophan (5-HTP)]] has become a popular replacement dietary supplement.<ref name="Bagchi2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Das YT, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Preuss HG | title = Safety of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan | journal = Toxicology Letters | volume = 150 | issue = 1 | pages = 111–22 | date = April 2004 | pmid = 15068828 | doi = 10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.070 }}</ref>