Editing English Civil War (section)

===Parliamentary concerns and the Petition of Right===
[[File:Sir Peter Lely 001.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Henrietta Maria of France|Henrietta Maria]], painted by [[Peter Lely]], 1660]]
Many concerns were raised over Charles's marriage in 1625 to a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] French princess, [[Henrietta Maria of France|Henrietta Maria]]. Parliament refused to assign him the traditional right to collect customs duties for his entire reign, deciding instead to grant it only on a provisional basis and negotiate with him.{{Sfn|Gregg|1984|pp=129–130}}

Charles, meanwhile, decided to send an expeditionary force to relieve the French [[Huguenots]], whom French royal troops held [[Siege of La Rochelle|besieged in La Rochelle]]. Such military support for Protestants on the Continent potentially alleviated concerns about the King's marriage to a Catholic. However, Charles's insistence on giving command of the English force to his unpopular royal favourite [[George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham|George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham]], undermined that support. Unfortunately for Charles and Buckingham, the 1627 relief expedition proved a fiasco,{{Sfn|Gregg|1984|page=166}} and Parliament, already hostile to Buckingham for his monopoly on [[Patronage|royal patronage]], opened [[Impeachment in the United Kingdom|impeachment]] proceedings against him.<ref name="Gregg-175">{{Harvnb|Gregg|1984|p=175}}.</ref> Charles responded by dissolving Parliament. This saved Buckingham but confirmed the impression that Charles wanted to avoid Parliamentary scrutiny of his ministers.<ref name=Gregg-175/>

Having dissolved Parliament and unable to raise money without it, the king assembled a new one in 1628. (The elected members included [[Oliver Cromwell]], [[John Hampden]],<ref name="Adair 1976">{{Harvnb|Adair|1976}}.</ref> and [[Edward Coke]].) The new Parliament drew up a [[Petition of Right]], which Charles accepted as a concession to obtain his subsidy.<ref name="Purkiss 2007 93">{{Harvnb|Purkiss|2007|p=93}}.</ref> The Petition made reference to [[Magna Carta]],<ref>[[Petition of Right]] at III, VII.</ref> but did not grant him the right of [[tonnage and poundage]], which Charles had been collecting without Parliamentary authorisation since 1625.{{Sfn|Sommerville|1992|pages=65, 71, 80}} Several more active members of the opposition were imprisoned, which caused outrage;{{Sfn|Sommerville|1992|pages=65, 71, 80}} one, [[John Eliot (statesman)|John Eliot]], subsequently died in prison and came to be seen as a martyr for the rights of Parliament.{{Sfn|Russell|1998|p=417}}