Editing Embryo (section)

=== Biological processes ===
Embryos from numerous plant and animal species are studied in biological research laboratories across the world to learn about topics such as [[stem cell]]s,<ref>{{Citation|title=Chapter 4 - Of Mice and Men: The History of Embryonic Stem Cells|date=2014-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124115514000040|work=Stem Cells (Second Edition)|pages=69–100|editor-last=Mummery|editor-first=Christine|publisher=Academic Press|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-411551-4.00004-0|isbn=9780124115514|access-date=2019-11-14|editor2-last=van de Stolpe|editor2-first=Anja|editor3-last=Roelen|editor3-first=Bernard A. J.|editor4-last=Clevers|editor4-first=Hans|archive-date=2022-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418220700/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124115514000040|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Evolutionary developmental biology|evolution and development]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Martín-Durán|first1=José M.|last2=Monjo|first2=Francisco|last3=Romero|first3=Rafael|date=2012|title=Planarian embryology in the era of comparative developmental biology|journal=The International Journal of Developmental Biology|volume=56|issue=1–3|pages=39–48|doi=10.1387/ijdb.113442jm|issn=1696-3547|pmid=22450993|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[cell division]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kumar|first1=Megha|last2=Pushpa|first2=Kumari|last3=Mylavarapu|first3=Sivaram V. S.|date=July 2015|title=Splitting the cell, building the organism: Mechanisms of cell division in metazoan embryos|journal=IUBMB Life|volume=67|issue=7|pages=575–587|doi=10.1002/iub.1404|issn=1521-6551|pmc=5937677|pmid=26173082}}</ref> and [[gene expression]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jukam|first1=David|last2=Shariati|first2=S. Ali M.|last3=Skotheim|first3=Jan M.|date=2017-08-21|title=Zygotic Genome Activation in Vertebrates|journal=Developmental Cell|volume=42|issue=4|pages=316–332|doi=10.1016/j.devcel.2017.07.026|issn=1878-1551|pmc=5714289|pmid=28829942}}</ref> Examples of scientific discoveries made while studying embryos that were awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] include the [[Spemann-Mangold organizer]], a group of cells originally discovered in amphibian embryos that give rise to neural tissues,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/spemann-mangold-organizer|title=Spemann-Mangold Organizer {{!}} The Embryo Project Encyclopedia|website=embryo.asu.edu|access-date=2019-11-14|archive-date=2022-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402153712/https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/spemann-mangold-organizer|url-status=live}}</ref> and genes that give rise to [[Segmentation (biology)|body segments]] discovered in ''[[Drosophila melanogaster|Drosophila]]'' fly embryos by [[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]] and [[Eric F. Wieschaus|Eric Wieschaus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1995/7713-the-nobel-prize-in-physiology-or-medicine-1995/|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-14|archive-date=2022-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402211514/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1995/7713-the-nobel-prize-in-physiology-or-medicine-1995/|url-status=live}}</ref>