Editing Eddystone Lighthouse (section)

===Later modifications===
[[File:John Lynn - Smeaton's Eddystone Lighthouse.jpg|thumb|left|Early 19th-century painting of the lighthouse by John Lynn, showing the reflectors in place in the lantern.]]
In 1807 the 100-year lease on the lighthouse expired, whereupon ownership and management devolved to [[Trinity House]]. In 1810 they replaced the chandelier and candles with 24 [[Argand lamp]]s and [[parabolic reflectors]].<ref name="Brewster1832" />

In 1841 major renovations were made,<ref>Woolmer's Exeter and Plymouth Gazette, 15 May 1841</ref> under the direction of engineer [[Henry Norris (engineer)|Henry Norris]] of Messrs. [[James Walker (engineer)|Walker]] & [[Alfred Burges|Burges]], including complete repointing, replacement water tanks and filling of a large cavity in the rock close to the foundations. In 1845 the lighthouse was equipped with a new [[Second order Fresnel lens|second-order]] fixed [[catadioptric]] [[Fresnel lens|optic]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-inside-the-lantern-of-the-fourth-eddystone-lighthouse-built-on-the-57290334.html|title=Inside the lantern of the fourth Eddystone lighthouse built on the Stone 13 miles South-east of Polperro, Cornwall, England. Built by the English civil engineer John Smeaton (1724-1792) beginning in 1756 it was in operation for 127 years. Engraving from 'The Sea' by F Whymper (London, c1890 Stock Photo - Alamy|first=Alamy|last=Limited|website=www.alamy.com|accessdate=29 July 2024}}</ref> manufactured by Henry Lepaute of Paris, with a single multi-wick oil lamp, replacing the old lamps and reflectors.<ref name="RC1861">{{cite web | title = Lighthouse management : the report of the Royal Commissioners on Lights, Buoys, and Beacons, 1861, examined and refuted Vol. 2 | year = 1861 | page = 88 | url = https://archive.org/stream/lighthousemanage02blak#page/88/mode/1up }}</ref> This was the first time that a fully [[catadioptric]] large optic (using prisms rather than mirrors above and below the lens) had been constructed,<ref name="Elliot1875">{{cite book |last1=Elliot |first1=George H. |title=European Light-House Systems |date=1875 |publisher=Lockwood & co. |location=London |page=137 |url=http://access.bl.uk/item/pdf/lsidyv38f8413f |access-date=10 March 2019 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029210746/http://access.bl.uk/item/pdf/lsidyv38f8413f |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the first such installation in any lighthouse.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Levitt |first1=Theresa |title=A Short Bright Flash: Augustin Fresnel and the Birth of the Modern Lighthouse |date=2013 |publisher=W. W. Norton & co. |location=New York}}</ref> A new lantern was constructed and fitted to the top of the tower in 1848, as the original had proved unsatisfactory for housing the new optic.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Lighthouses and Lightvessels, 1848 |journal=Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons |date=30 July 1850 |volume=53 |issue=636 |page=6}}</ref>

[[File:EB1911 - Lighthouse - Fig. 56.—Old Eddystone Lighthouse.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Smeaton's Eddystone Lighthouse, 1870s.|A photograph of the lighthouse in the 1870s, showing new lantern with 'beehive' lens optic and fog bell.]]
From 1858 the tower's exterior was painted with broad red and white horizontal bands, so as to render it 'more distinctly visible during the day time'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/22134/page/2176|title=Page 2176 &#124; Issue 22134, 4 May 1858 &#124; London Gazette &#124; The Gazette|website=www.thegazette.co.uk|accessdate=29 July 2024}}</ref> In 1872 a 5 [[Hundredweight|cwt]] fog bell was provided for the lighthouse; it was sounded 'five times in quick succession every half minute' in foggy weather.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23936/page/78|title=Page 78 &#124; Issue 23936, 10 January 1873 &#124; London Gazette &#124; The Gazette|website=www.thegazette.co.uk|accessdate=29 July 2024}}</ref> That same year an improved lamp was installed, which more than doubled the intensity of the light.<ref name="Majdalany1960">{{cite book |last1=Majdalany |first1=Fred |title=The Eddystone Light |date=1960 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston, Massachusetts |pages=198–199}}</ref>

In 1877 it was resolved to build a replacement lighthouse, following reports that erosion to the rocks under Smeaton's tower was causing it to shake from side to side whenever large waves hit.<ref>{{cite book|title=Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers|chapter=Note on the Eddystone Lighthouse|author=Douglass, James Nicholas|location=London|publisher=Institution of Civil Engineers|year=1878|volume=53, part 3|pages=247–248|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cx4AAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA247}}</ref> During construction of the new lighthouse, the Town Council of [[Plymouth]] petitioned for Smeaton's tower to be dismantled and rebuilt on [[Plymouth Hoe]], in lieu of a Trinity House [[daymark]] which stood there. Trinity House consented to the removal and delivery of the lantern and the upper four rooms of the tower, the cost of labour to be borne by Plymouth Council.<ref name="Douglass1883" /> While the new tower was being built the old lighthouse remained operational, up until 3 February 1882 (after which a temporary fixed light was shown from the top of the new tower). When the latter was complete, Smeaton's lighthouse was decommissioned and the crane which had been used to build the new lighthouse was transferred to the task of dismantling the old. [[William Douglass (engineer)|William Tregarthen Douglass]] supervised the operation.