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Economy of the Falkland Islands
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===Fishing grounds=== The Falkland Islands' fishing waters form part of the 2.7 million square kilometre Patagonian Shelf large marine ecosystem and are located on a spur from the Patagonian Continental Shelf.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Patagonian_Shelf_large_marine_ecosystem |title=Patagonian Shelf large marine ecosystem |publisher=The encyclopedia of Earth |access-date=21 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612224612/https://eoearth.org/article/Patagonian_Shelf_large_marine_ecosystem |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> Most of the fishing takes place in water up to {{convert|200|m}} deep on this spur or on the [[Burdwood Bank]] - another spur lying on an [[undersea ridge]] to the south of the Falkland Islands and separated from the islands by a deep channel known as the Falklands Trough. At its highest point, the Burdwood Bank is {{convert|46|m}} below sea level. The principal ocean currents in the Falkland Island waters are the [[West Wind Drift]], a cold current from the Southern Pacific Ocean that flows westwards to the south of the Burdwood Bank<ref>{{cite web |author=Smith, Ryan |author2=Desflots, Melicie |author3=White, Sean |author4=Mariano, Arthur J. |author5=Ryan, Edward H. |title=The Antarctic CP Current |work=Ocean Surface Currents |url=http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/southern/antarctic-cp.html |access-date=21 December 2010 |archive-date=14 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614102611/http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/southern/antarctic-cp.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the north flowing cold Falklands current, an offshoot of the West Wind Drift that curls around the east of Falklands Plateau and along the Falklands and Patagonian escarpments.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/malvinas.html |title = The Malvinas Current |work = Ocean Surface Currents |author = Gyory, Joanna |author2 = Mariano, Arthur J. |author3 = Ryan, Edward H. |access-date = 21 December 2010 |archive-date = 8 October 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141008025352/http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/malvinas.html |url-status = dead }}</ref> It joins the saltier warm [[Brazil Current]] in the vicinity of the mouth of the [[Río de la Plata]] to form the [[South Atlantic Current]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/brazil.html |title = The Brazil Current |author = Bischof, Barbie |author2 = Rowe, Elizabeth |author3 = Mariano, Arthur J. |author4 = Ryan, Edward H. |work = Ocean Surface Currents |year = 2004 |access-date = 21 December 2010 |archive-date = 11 November 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111213519/http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/brazil.html |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11867162 |title = Goce gravity mission traces ocean circulation |publisher = BBC News - Science and Environment |date = 21 December 2010 |access-date =21 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.globmaritime.com/technical-articles/marine-navigation/oceanography/171-about-atlantic-ocean-currents.html |title = About Atlantic Ocean Currents |author = Lại Trường Thọ |publisher = Social Network GlobMaritime |access-date = 21 December 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110711113637/http://www.globmaritime.com/technical-articles/marine-navigation/oceanography/171-about-atlantic-ocean-currents.html |archive-date = 11 July 2011 |url-status = dead }}</ref> In 1986 the Falklands opened up their fishing industry to outsiders with the declaration of a {{convert|160|nmi|adj=on}} radius Fisheries Conservation & Management Zone centered on the [[Falkland Sound]]. This zone was later to become the Falklands Inner Conservation Zone (FICZ). Apart from the Falkland Trough, this zone lies within the continental shelf. In 1990 the Falklands Outer Conservation Zone (FOCZ) was declared – a zone that lay between the perimeter of the FICZ and the Falklands 200-nautical-mile economic zone boundary. The FOCZ includes part of the Burdwood Bank, borders on the confines of the continental shelf and includes part of the Falklands Escarpment - a {{convert|2000|m|adj=on}} undersea escarpment running east–west. At the same time that the FOCZ was declared, the Argentine declared its 200-nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and together with the British Government (acting on behalf of the Falkland Islands) set up the South Atlantic Fisheries Commission (SAFC) to coordinate the management of fishing stocks in the area.<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.fis.com/falklandfish/html/management.html |title = Management |publisher = Falkland Islands Government Fisheries Department |access-date = 14 June 2010 |archive-date = 12 May 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100512160018/http://www.fis.com/falklandfish/html/management.html |url-status = dead }}</ref>
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