Editing Dysprosium (section)

==History==
In 1878, [[erbium]] ores were found to contain the oxides of [[holmium]] and [[thulium]]. French chemist [[Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran]], while working with [[holmium oxide]], separated dysprosium oxide from it in [[Paris]] in 1886.<ref name="DeKosky">{{cite journal|title = Spectroscopy and the Elements in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Work of Sir William Crookes|first = Robert K.|last = DeKosky|journal = The British Journal for the History of Science|volume = 6|issue = 4|date = 1973|pages = 400–423|jstor = 4025503|doi = 10.1017/S0007087400012553|s2cid = 146534210}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal = Comptes Rendus|volume = 143|pages = 1003–1006|url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3058f/f1001.chemindefer|title = L'holmine (ou terre X de M Soret) contient au moins deux radicaux métallique (Holminia contains at least two metal)|language = fr|year = 1886|author = de Boisbaudran, Paul Émile Lecoq}}</ref> His procedure for isolating the dysprosium involved dissolving dysprosium oxide in acid, then adding ammonia to precipitate the hydroxide. He was only able to isolate dysprosium from its oxide after more than 30 attempts at his procedure. On succeeding, he named the element ''dysprosium'' from the Greek ''dysprositos'' (δυσπρόσιτος), meaning "hard to get". The element was not isolated in relatively pure form until after the development of ion exchange techniques by [[Frank Spedding]] at [[Iowa State University]] in the early 1950s.<ref name="nbb">{{cite book|last = Emsley| first = John| title = Nature's Building Blocks| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2001| location = Oxford|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j-Xu07p3cKwC&pg=PA131|pages = 129–132| isbn = 978-0-19-850341-5}}</ref><ref name="Weeks">{{cite book |last1=Weeks |first1=Mary Elvira |title=The discovery of the elements |date=1956 |publisher=Journal of Chemical Education |location=Easton, PA |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftheel002045mbp |edition=6th }}</ref>

Due to its role in permanent magnets used for wind turbines, it has been argued{{By whom|date=August 2021}} that dysprosium will be one of the main objects of geopolitical competition in a world running on renewable energy. But this perspective has been criticised for failing to recognise that most wind turbines do not use permanent magnets and for underestimating the power of economic incentives for expanded production.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Overland|first=Indra|date=2019-03-01|title=The geopolitics of renewable energy: Debunking four emerging myths|journal=Energy Research & Social Science|volume=49|pages=36–40|doi=10.1016/j.erss.2018.10.018|issn=2214-6296|doi-access=free|bibcode=2019ERSS...49...36O |hdl=11250/2579292|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Klinger">{{cite book |last1=Klinger |first1=Julie Michelle |title=Rare earth frontiers : from terrestrial subsoils to lunar landscapes |date=2017 |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca, NY |isbn=978-1501714603 |jstor=10.7591/j.ctt1w0dd6d }}</ref>

In 2011, a [[Bose-Einstein condensate]] of Dy atoms was obtained for the first time.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lu|first1=Mingwu|last2=Burdick|first2=Nathaniel Q.|last3=Youn|first3=Seo Ho|last4=Lev|first4=Benjamin L.|date=October 2011|title=Strongly Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate of Dysprosium|url=https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.190401|journal=Physical Review Letters|language=en|volume=107|issue=19|pages=190401|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.190401|pmid=22181585|arxiv=1108.5993}}</ref>

In 2021, Dy was turned into a 2-dimensional [[supersolid]] quantum gas.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Norcia|first1=Matthew A.|last2=Politi|first2=Claudia|last3=Klaus|first3=Lauritz|last4=Poli|first4=Elena|last5=Sohmen|first5=Maximilian|last6=Mark|first6=Manfred J.|last7=Bisset|first7=Russell N.|last8=Santos|first8=Luis|last9=Ferlaino|first9=Francesca|date=August 2021|title=Two-dimensional supersolidity in a dipolar quantum gas|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03725-7|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=596|issue=7872|pages=357–361|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03725-7|pmid=34408330|arxiv=2102.05555|bibcode=2021Natur.596..357N|s2cid=231861397|issn=1476-4687}}</ref>