Editing Duke University (section)

== Campus ==
[[File:Duke Chapel 4 16 05.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Complete photo of Duke Chapel on a sunny day|[[Duke Chapel]], an icon for the university, can seat nearly 1,600 people and contains a 5,200-pipe organ.]]

Duke University currently owns 256 buildings on {{convert|8693|acre|km2}} of land, which includes the {{convert|7044|acre|km2}} Duke Forest.<ref name="Facts" /> The campus is divided into four main areas: West, East, and Central campuses and the Medical Center, which are all connected via a free bus service. On the Atlantic coast in [[Beaufort, North Carolina|Beaufort]], Duke owns {{convert|15|acre|m2}} as part of its [[Duke University Marine Laboratory|marine lab]]. One of the major public attractions on the main campus is the {{convert|54|acre|m2|adj=on}} [[Sarah P. Duke Gardens]], established in the 1930s.<ref name="Facts" />

Duke students often refer to the West Campus as "the Gothic Wonderland", a nickname referring to the [[Collegiate Gothic]] architecture of [[Duke University West Campus|West Campus]], a style chosen by the Campus's founders after campus visits to the [[University of Chicago]], Yale, and [[Princeton University|Princeton]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Rubin|first=Brad|date=October 17, 1993|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-10-17-op-46816-story.html|title=Campus Correspondence : Separate by Choice: Racial Segregation at Duke|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|access-date=September 22, 2018|archive-date=January 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110145231/https://www.latimes.com/archives|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Ryan|date=August 29, 2018|title=Dear Duke administration: Do better|work=The Chronicle|url=https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2018/08/180829-williams|access-date=September 22, 2018|archive-date=September 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923010033/https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2018/08/180829-williams|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Facilities |title=Duke's Architecture {{!}} Facilities |url=https://facilities.duke.edu/about-campus/dukes-architecture/ |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=facilities.duke.edu |language=en}}</ref> Much of the campus was designed by [[Julian Abele]], one of the first prominent African-American architects and the chief designer in the offices of architect [[Horace Trumbauer]].<ref>[http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/histnotes/julian_abele.html Julian Abele, Architect] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113185145/http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/histnotes/julian_abele.html |date=January 13, 2009}}. ''Duke University Archives.'' Retrieved June 21, 2011.</ref> The residential quadrangles are of an early and somewhat unadorned design, while the buildings in the academic quadrangles show influences of the more elaborate late French and Italian styles. The freshmen campus, known as [[Duke University East Campus|East Campus]], is composed of buildings in the [[Georgian architecture]] style. In 2011, [[Travel+Leisure]] listed Duke among the most beautiful college campuses in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/americas-most-beautiful-college-campuses/20 |title=America's most beautiful college campuses|website=Travel+Leisure |date=September 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2014 |archive-date=January 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108092259/http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/americas-most-beautiful-college-campuses/20 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Duke Chapel]] stands at the center of [[Duke University West Campus|West Campus]] on the highest ridge. Constructed from 1930 to 1935 from [[#Duke_stone|Duke stone]], the chapel seats 1,600 people and, at {{convert|210|ft}} is one of the tallest buildings in [[Durham County, North Carolina|Durham County]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20120710072924/http://events.nbc17.com/durham-nc/venues/show/479624-duke-chapel Duke Chapel Durham]. NBC17 News. Retrieved July 4, 2011.</ref>

=== West, East, and Central Campuses ===
{{main|Duke University West Campus|Duke University East Campus}}
[[File:PerkinsLibrary.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A building's Gothic-style exterior and grass lawn in foreground|The [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] Reading Room of the [[Duke University Libraries|David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library]]]]
[[File:Few Quad Arch.jpg|thumb|An arch from Few Quad looking out towards Abele Quad]]
[[Duke University West Campus|West Campus]], considered the main campus of the university, houses the sophomores and juniors, along with most seniors.<ref name="RLHSHousing" /> Most of the academic and administrative centers are located there. Main [[Duke University West Campus|West Campus]], with [[Duke Chapel]] at its center, contains the majority of residential quads to the south, while the main academic quad, library, and [[Duke University Medical Center|Medical Center]] are to the north. The campus, spanning {{convert|720|acre|km2}}, includes Science Drive, which is the location of science and engineering buildings. The residential quads on [[Duke University West Campus|West Campus]] are Craven Quad, Crowell Quad, Edens Quad, Few Quad, Keohane Quad, Kilgo Quad, and Wannamaker Quad.<ref name="WestQuads">{{cite web |url=http://bluedevildorms.weebly.com/west-campus.html |title=Duke University West Campus Quads |access-date=March 6, 2015 |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181139/http://bluedevildorms.weebly.com/west-campus.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the campus eateries and sports facilities – including the historic basketball stadium, [[Cameron Indoor Stadium]] – are on [[Duke University West Campus|West Campus]].<ref>[http://map.duke.edu/building.php?bid=7743&picID=001 Cameron Indoor Stadium]. Duke University. Retrieved June 21, 2011. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113225301/http://map.duke.edu/building.php?bid=7743&picID=001 |date=January 13, 2009}}</ref>

[[Duke University East Campus|East Campus]], the original location of Duke after it moved to Durham,<ref name="EastCamp" /> functions as a first-year campus, housing the university's freshmen dormitories as well as the home of several academic departments. Since the 1995–96 academic year, all freshmen—and only freshmen, except for upperclassmen serving as Resident Assistants—have lived on [[Duke University East Campus|East Campus]], an effort to build class unity. The campus encompasses {{convert|172|acre|m2}} and is {{convert|1.5|mi}} from [[Duke University West Campus|West Campus]].<ref name=Facts /> Studies, Art History, History, Cultural Anthropology, Literature, Music, Philosophy, and Women's Studies are housed on East.<ref name="EastCamp" /> Programs such as dance, drama, education, film, and the University Writing Program reside on East. The self-sufficient [[Duke University East Campus|East Campus]] contains the freshmen residence halls, a dining hall, coffee shop, post office, Lilly Library, Baldwin Auditorium, a theater, Brodie Gym, tennis courts, several disc golf baskets, and a walking track as well as several academic buildings.<ref name="EastCamp" /> The [[Duke University East Campus|East Campus]] dorms are Alspaugh, Basset, Bell Tower, Blackwell, Brown, East House (formerly known as Aycock), Epworth, Gilbert-Addoms, Giles, West House (formerly known as Jarvis), Pegram, Randolph, Southgate, Trinity, and Wilson.<ref name="EastDorms">{{cite web|url=http://bluedevildorms.weebly.com/east-campus.html|title=Duke University East Campus Quads|access-date=March 6, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402171611/http://bluedevildorms.weebly.com/east-campus.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Separated from downtown by a short walk, the area was the site of the Women's College from 1930 to 1972.<ref name="EastCamp">{{cite web|url=http://library.duke.edu/lilly/about/eastcampus.html |title=East Campus: History of East Campus |publisher=Duke University Libraries |access-date=June 21, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305125107/http://library.duke.edu/lilly/about/eastcampus.html |archive-date=March 5, 2011}}</ref>
[[File:Allen Building, West Campus, Duke University, Durham, NC (48960623651).jpg|thumb|The Allen Building on West Campus is home to the [[Trinity College of Arts & Sciences]], as well as the departments of English & Classical Studies.]]
Central Campus, consisting of {{convert|122|acre|km2}} between [[Duke University East Campus|East]] and [[Duke University West Campus|West]] campuses, housed around 1,000 sophomores, juniors, and seniors, as well as around 200 professional students in double or quadruple apartments.<ref name="Central">{{cite web|url=http://bridgemadscentralcampus.weebly.com|title=Duke University Central Campus|publisher=Duke University|access-date=January 10, 2022|archive-date=April 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193501/http://bridgemadscentralcampus.weebly.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the housing of undergraduates on Central Campus ended after the 2018–2019 school year<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldsun.com/news/local/counties/durham-county/article179613841.html|title=The days of Central Campus student housing at Duke University are drawing to close|website=heraldsun|language=en|access-date=March 8, 2019|archive-date=March 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085810/https://www.heraldsun.com/news/local/counties/durham-county/article179613841.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the respective buildings were demolished.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-13 |title=Central Campus: Past, Present and Future |url=https://today.duke.edu/2019/08/central-campus-past-present-and-future |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Duke Today |language=en}}</ref> Central Campus is home to the [[Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University|Nasher Museum of Art]], the Freeman Center for Jewish Life, the Center for Muslim Life, the Campus Police Department, Office of Disability Management, a [[Ronald McDonald House]], and administrative departments such as Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Central Campus has several recreation and social facilities such as basketball courts, a sand volleyball court, a turf field, barbecue grills and picnic shelters, a general gathering building called "Devil's Den", a restaurant known as "Devil's Bistro", a convenience store called Uncle Harry's, and the Mill Village. The Mill Village consists of a gym and group study rooms.<ref name="Central" /><ref name="CentralCampus">
[http://www.studentaffairs.duke.edu/rlhs/central-campus Central Campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319092930/http://www.studentaffairs.duke.edu/rlhs/central-campus |date=March 19, 2012}}. Duke Student Affairs. Retrieved May 3, 2011.</ref>

In December 2016, Duke University purchased an apartment complex, now known as 300 Swift.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bey |first1=Nadia |title=Nebulous and poorly attended to': Swift residents lament recurring maintenance issues|date=October 22, 2021 |url=https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2021/10/300-swift-apartments-work-order-maintenance-issues-price-rent-bedroom-off-campus-duke-university-floors-falling |website=Duke Chronicle}}</ref> Swift houses upperclassmen, in addition to the West Campus area, and is located between East and West Campus.

=== Duke University Hospital and Health System ===
{{Main|Duke University Hospital|Duke University Health System}}
[[File:2004-02-02 Duke Life Flight helicopter.jpg|left|thumb|Duke Life Flight Helicopter of [[Duke University Hospital]]]]
Duke University Hospital is a 957-acute care bed academic [[tertiary care]] facility located in [[Durham, North Carolina]]. Established in 1930, it is the flagship [[Teaching hospitals in the United States|teaching hospital]] for [[Duke University Health System]], a network of physicians and hospitals serving [[Durham County, North Carolina|Durham County]] and [[Wake County, North Carolina]], and surrounding areas, as well as one of three [[Trauma center|Level I]] referral centers for the [[The Research Triangle|Research Triangle]] of North Carolina (the other two are [[UNC Health Care|UNC Hospitals]] in nearby [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]] and [[WakeMed|WakeMed Raleigh]] in [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]]).<ref name="www.dukehealth.org">{{Cite web |title=About Duke University Hospital {{!}} Duke University Hospital {{!}} Duke Health |url=https://www.dukehealth.org/hospitals/duke-university-hospital/about |access-date=August 7, 2022 |website=www.dukehealth.org}}</ref>  [[File:2008-07-24 Duke Hospital PRT 5.jpg|thumb|[[Duke University Hospital]] [[Duke University Medical Center Patient Rapid Transit|PRT]] 5]] '''Duke University Health System''' combines [[Duke University School of Medicine]], [[Duke University School of Nursing]], Duke Clinic, and the member hospitals into a system of research, clinical care, and education.<ref name="www.dukehealth.org" />

In early 2012,  [[Duke Cancer Institute|Duke Cancer Center]] opened next to Duke Hospital in Durham.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Muoio|first1=Danielle|last2=Spector|first2=Julian|title=Cancer Center opens this week|url=http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2012/02/cancer-center-opens-week|access-date=August 11, 2016|work=[[The Chronicle (Duke University)|The Chronicle]]|date=February 23, 2012|archive-date=August 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812064027/http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2012/02/cancer-center-opens-week|url-status=live}}</ref> The patient care facility consolidates nearly all of Duke's outpatient clinical care services.

=== Other key places ===
{{Main|Duke Lemur Center|Sarah P. Duke Gardens}}
[[File:2008-07-24 Lily pond at Duke Gardens 3.jpg|thumb|alt=A Lilly pond and stoned walkway with various trees in the background|The [[Sarah P. Duke Gardens]] attract more than 300,000 visitors each year.]]
Duke Forest, established in 1931, consists of {{convert|7044|acre|km2}} in six divisions, just west of [[Duke University West Campus|West Campus]].<ref name=Facts /> The largest private research forest in North Carolina and one of the largest in the nation,<ref>[http://today.duke.edu/2006/10/dukeforest.html 75 Years of Duke Forest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319190028/http://today.duke.edu/2006/10/dukeforest.html |date=March 19, 2012}}. ''Duke Today'', October 6, 2006. Retrieved July 18, 2011.</ref> Duke Forest demonstrates a variety of forest stand types and silvicultural treatments. Duke Forest is used extensively for research and includes the Aquatic Research Facility, Forest Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-I) research facility, two permanent towers suitable for micrometeorological studies, and other areas designated for animal behavior and ecosystem study.<ref>[http://www.env.duke.edu/forest/about/index.html Duke Forest]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806160107/http://www.env.duke.edu/forest/about/index.html |date=August 6, 2010}}. ''Duke Forest.'' Retrieved June 21, 2011.</ref> More than {{convert|30|mi|km}} of trails are open to the public for hiking, cycling, and horseback riding.<ref>
[http://www.admissions.duke.edu/jump/campus/florafauna_dukeforest.html Duke University Admissions: Duke Forest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304225413/https://www.admissions.duke.edu/jump/campus/florafauna_dukeforest.html |date=March 4, 2011}}. Duke Admissions. Retrieved May 3, 2011.</ref> [[Duke Lemur Center]], located inside Duke Forest, is the world's largest sanctuary for rare and endangered [[Strepsirrhini|strepsirrhine]] primates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com/view/full_story_news_durham/6722400/article-Duke-s-secret-in-the-forest?instance=main_article|title=Duke's Secret in the Forest|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101153419/http://www.heraldsun.com/view/full_story_news_durham/6722400/article-Duke-s-secret-in-the-forest?instance=main_article|archive-date=November 1, 2012|website=The Herald-Sun|year=2010|access-date=July 18, 2011}}</ref> Founded in 1966, Duke Lemur Center spans {{convert|85|acres}} and contains nearly 300 animals of 25 different species of [[lemur]]s, [[galago]]s and [[loris]]es.<ref>Lillard, Margaret. [https://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2006-06-04-lemur-center_x.htm Duke lemur center has new research focus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018091524/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2006-06-04-lemur-center_x.htm |date=October 18, 2011}}. [[The Associated Press]], June 4, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2011.</ref>

[[File:MedicalCenter.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Gothic-style four-story exterior of a building with castle-like turrets|Entrance to [[Duke University Hospital|Duke Medical Center]] from [[Duke University West Campus|West Campus]] ]]
The [[Sarah P. Duke Gardens]], established in the early 1930s, is situated between [[Duke University West Campus|West Campus]] and Central Campus. The gardens occupy {{convert|55|acre}}, divided into four major sections:<ref name="DukeGardens">[https://web.archive.org/web/20040501040353/http://www.hr.duke.edu/Dukegardens/history.htm The Sarah P. Duke Gardens History]. ''Duke Gardens.'' Retrieved July 5, 2011.</ref> the original Terraces and their surroundings; the H.L. Blomquist Garden of Native Plants, devoted to flora of the Southeastern United States; the W.L. Culberson Asiatic Arboretum, housing plants of Eastern Asia, as well as disjunct species found in Eastern Asia and Eastern North America; and the Doris Duke Center Gardens. There are {{convert|5|mi|km|spell=in}} of allées and paths throughout the gardens.<ref name="DukeGardens" />

Duke University Allen Building was the site of student protest in the late 1960s. In 1969, six years after the university began to allow African-American students to enroll, dozens of Black students overtook the Allen Building and barricaded themselves inside of it. Their justification included a "white top and a black bottom" power structure, according to the former director of employee relations; the university's gradualist and arguably complacent approach to civil rights; high attrition rates for Black students; lack of unionization rights for nonacademic employees; lack of institutional power and self-determination for a Black studies department; "police harassment for Black students"; "racist living conditions"; and "tokenism of Black representation in university power structures" among others. Their underlying demand was "to be taken seriously as human beings and to be treated as any respected human being would be treated." Provost Marcus E. Hobbes complained that the African-American students "wanted to run the University." At around 8 a.m., these students entered the Allen Building, asked everyone inside to leave and promptly barricaded themselves inside. The university called the police and, almost before law enforcement entered the building (it was widely understood by students and administration that the police would have likely brutally beat and possibly killed the unarmed Black students), the students exited with their trenchcoats over their faces. Meanwhile, white students and faculty had formed a human shield around the building and a brawl between the police and students ensued, sending a handful of students to the hospital. University president Vincent Price labelled the Takeover as "one of the most pivotal moments in our university's history," claiming that the protestors "changed this place for the better and improved the lives of many who followed."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Segal |first1=Theodore |title=Point of Reckoning: The Fight forRacial Justice At Duke University |date=2021 |publisher=Duke University Press |location=Durham and London}}</ref>

[[Duke University Marine Laboratory]], located in the town of [[Beaufort, North Carolina]], is also technically part of Duke's campus. The [[Duke University Marine Laboratory|marine lab]] is situated on Pivers Island on the [[Outer Banks]] of North Carolina, {{convert|150|yd|m}} across the channel from Beaufort. Duke's interest in the area began in the early 1930s and the first buildings were erected in 1938.<ref name="Duke University Marine Lab">[http://www.nicholas.duke.edu/marinelab/ Duke University Marine Lab] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622071255/http://www.nicholas.duke.edu/marinelab/ |date=June 22, 2007}}. Duke Marine Lab. Retrieved June 21, 2011.</ref> The resident faculty represent the disciplines of oceanography, marine biology, marine biomedicine, marine biotechnology, and coastal marine policy and management. The Marine Laboratory is a member of the National Association of Marine Laboratories.<ref name="Duke University Marine Lab" /> In May 2014, the newly built Orrin H. Pilkey Marine Research Laboratory was dedicated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nicholas.duke.edu/news/marine-lab%E2%80%99s-newest-research-building-showcases-sustainable-coastal-design|title=Marine Lab's Newest Research Building Showcases Sustainable Coastal Design. |publisher=Duke University |date=May 12, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606214415/http://nicholas.duke.edu/news/marine-lab%E2%80%99s-newest-research-building-showcases-sustainable-coastal-design |archive-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref>

=== Duke stone ===
[[File:DukeStone1.jpg|thumb|Duke stone showing orange faces (likely iron oxide) at a right angle]]
[[File:DukeStone2.jpg|thumb|Fractured Duke stone showing phyllitic texture]]

The distinctive stone used for [[Duke University West Campus|West Campus]] and other Duke buildings is said to have seven primary colors and seventeen shades of color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://cap-press.com/books/isbn/9780890898147/If-Gargoyles-Could-Talk |title=If Gargoyles Could Talk: Sketches of Duke University |isbn=9780890898147 |first=William E. |last=King |publisher=Carolina Academic Press |date=1997}}{{page needed|date=May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.library.duke.edu/rubenstein/2013/07/29/faux-duke-stone/ |title=Faux Duke Stone |website=The Devil's Tale |last=McDonald |first=Amy |publisher=Duke University Libraries |date=July 29, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |title=The Value of a College Degree in a Recession |last=Tricoli |first=Christen |date=April 1, 2011 |degree=Bachelor of Arts |publisher=Duke University |url=https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/3724/christenTricoliThesisFinal.pdf |access-date=March 29, 2023 |archive-date=April 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410020121/https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/3724/christenTricoliThesisFinal.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The use of Duke stone has been given partial credit for the university's success: "Duke in fact became a great university in part because it looked like one from the start".<ref name="Duke University">{{cite web |url=https://facilities.duke.edu/campus/architecture |title=Duke's Architecture |publisher=Duke University |access-date=May 11, 2023 |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328141622/https://facilities.duke.edu/campus/architecture |url-status=dead }}</ref>

During the planning of the [[Collegiate Gothic]] buildings,<ref name="Duke University" /> [[James Buchanan Duke|James B. Duke]] initially suggested the use of stone from the [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]] quarry, but the plans were later amended to purchase a local quarry in [[Hillsborough, North Carolina|Hillsborough]] to reduce costs.<ref name="DukeStone">{{cite web |last=King |first=William E. |url=http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/ |title=DukeStone |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301105243/http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/ |archive-date=March 1, 2008 |work=Duke University Historical Notes |access-date=January 12, 2011}}</ref> After a search for a locally sourced stone suitable for construction in a style "that made it look like the university was growing out of the ground, like it had been here forever,"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://today.duke.edu/2018/06/duke-stone-quarry-campus |title=Duke Stone: From Quarry to Campus |work=Duke Today |last=Schramm |first=Stephen |date=June 18, 2018 |access-date=May 11, 2023}}</ref> Duke stone and its source quarry in [[Hillsborough, North Carolina|Hillsborough]] were identified by Duke University Comptroller [[Frank Clyde Brown]] and purchased by the university in 1925.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://openorangenc.org/content/duke-quarry-new-quarry |title=Duke Quarry / New Quarry |work=Open Orange |access-date=May 11, 2023}}</ref> Comptroller Brown, who oversaw the planning and construction of the Gothic buildings, wrote that Duke stone "is much warmer and softer in coloring than the Princeton, and it will look very much older and have a much more attractive antique effect."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/963b921aeb99473292f69f18397a2a16 |title=Duke's Inspiration from other Institutions |last=Marr |first=Kayla |date=April 16, 2020 |access-date=May 11, 2023}}</ref>

Duke stone is a type of Carolina 'slate' or 'bluestone', a metamorphic [[phyllite]] rock,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/dukeforest/videos/duke-stone-a-story-in-stone/932614984155038/|title=Duke Stone: A Story in Stone &#124; We have just uncovered this 2002 video telling the history of the famous Duke stone, which comes from a quarry in the Duke Forest. The video features an... &#124; By Duke Forest &#124; Facebook |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> with  both [[andesite]] and [[dacite]] mineral composition.<ref name="Allen-1968">{{citation |url=https://files.nc.gov/ncdeq/Energy%20Mineral%20and%20Land%20Resources/Geological%20Survey/Bulletins_NCGS/NCGS_Bulletin_81_Geology_OrangeCounty.pdf |title=Geology and Mineral Resources of Orange County, North Carolina |last1=Allen |first1=Eldon P. |last2=Wilson |first2=William F. |publisher=North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development |date=1968 |location=Raleigh, North Carolina |issue=Bulletin 81 |access-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-date=April 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422003148/https://files.nc.gov/ncdeq/Energy%20Mineral%20and%20Land%20Resources/Geological%20Survey/Bulletins_NCGS/NCGS_Bulletin_81_Geology_OrangeCounty.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dacitic phyllite is a predominant type of rock found through the Carolina Slate Belt.<ref name="Rogers">{{cite web |last1=Rogers |first1=John |title=The Carolina Slate Belt |url=https://rla.unc.edu/Publications/pdf/ResRep25/Ch2.pdf |website=Archaeology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill}}</ref> Duke stone and the Carolina Slate Belt, like the greater [[Carolina terrane|Carolina Terrane]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/energy-mineral-and-land-resources/north-carolina-geological-survey/geologic-hazards/expansive-soils-shrink-swell-clays |title=Expansive soils (shrink swell clays) |publisher=North Carolina Environmental Quality |access-date=May 11, 2023}}</ref> are thought to have formed in the [[Iapetus Ocean]] off the coast of [[Gondwana]] by a chain of volcanic islands known as 'Carolinia',<ref name="Earth@Home.org">{{cite web |url=https://earthathome.org/hoe/se/geologic-history/ |title=Geologic History of the Southeastern United States |website=Earth@Home.org |access-date=May 11, 2023}}</ref> starting around 650 million years ago.<ref name="Rogers"/><ref name="Volcanoes">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/volcanoes |title=Volcanoes |encyclopedia=NCpedia |access-date=May 11, 2023}}</ref>

The Carolina Slate Belt contains stone of both meta-volcanic and meta-sedimentary origin.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/slate-belt |title=Slate Belt |encyclopedia=NCpedia |access-date=May 11, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Secor-1983">{{cite journal |url=https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.221.4611.649 |doi=10.1126/science.221.4611.649 |title=Confirmation of the Carolina Slate Belt as an Exotic Terrane |year=1983 |last1=Secor |first1=Donald T. |last2=Samson |first2=Sara L. |last3=Snoke |first3=Arthur W. |last4=Palmer |first4=Allison R. |journal=Science |volume=221 |issue=4611 |pages=649–651 |pmid=17787733 |bibcode=1983Sci...221..649S |s2cid=12942747|issn=0036-8075 }}</ref> The geological literature finds the pre-metamorphosis origin of Duke stone to be variously volcanic and sedimentary: it was likely originally formed by sedimentation of volcanic material.<ref name="Volcanoes" /> A [[USGS]] geologist concludes: "The Duke quarry phyllite was derived from argillite, tuff or tuffaceous sandstone, and volcanic [[breccia]]. Occurrence of laminated argillites suggests marine deposition. … There is insufficient evidence to determine if the volcanic material was deposited directly by igneous action or if it was re-worked by sedimentary processes. Presence of lava flows and very coarse breccias in Orange County suggest that the volcanic centers were relatively near."<ref>{{cite web |location=Raleigh |date=1964 |title=Road Log of the Chatham, Randolph and Orange County Areas, North Carolina |publisher=Carolina Geological Society |url=https://carolinageologicalsociety.org/1960s_files/gb%201964.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Allen-1968" /> A [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|UNC]] geologist concurred that "original features of the phyllite have been obscured by deformation and recrystallization, but the rock apparently was derived from argillites and tuffs," and that "sedimentary reworking of volcanic materials is to be expected."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/SoutheasternGeology_Vol04_No03_1963.pdf |title=Southeastern Geology |volume=4 |number=3 |date=February 1963 |editor-last=Heron Jr. |editor-first=S. Duncan}}</ref>

After its initial formation, Duke stone underwent several metamorphic events, including the collision of [[Carolina terrane|Carolinia]] with [[Laurentia]].<ref name="Hibbard-2002">{{cite journal |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825201000794 |doi=10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00079-4 |title=The Carolina Zone: Overview of Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic peri-Gondwanan terranes along the eastern Flank of the southern Appalachians |year=2002 |last1=Hibbard |first1=J. |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=57 |issue=3–4 |pages=299–339 |bibcode=2002ESRv...57..299H}}</ref> The Carolinia-Laurentia collision started around 375 Mya, which coincides with timing of the [[Acadian orogeny]] that formed the [[Appalachian Mountains]]. Though Duke stone contains no fossils, other areas of the Carolina Terrane contain fossilized corals and trilobites that were used to establish that this formation is exotic to the main North American ([[Laurentia]]) landmass.<ref name="Earth@Home.org" /><ref name="Secor-1983" /><ref name="Hibbard-2002" />

The Duke stone quarry now occupies a {{convert|5|acre|adj=on|spell=in}} section of the Hillsboro Division of the Duke Forest.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dukeforest.spotlight.duke.edu/ |title=11 Interesting Facts About the Duke Forest |publisher=Duke Forest |access-date=May 11, 2023}}</ref> In new construction and repairs on Duke campus, the use of Duke stone is strictly regulated: "All stones shall be laid on their natural beds, with 20 percent of stone being split face and 80 percent seam face, mixed proportionately to show variations of stone coloring".<ref>{{cite web |title=Duke University Construction Standards |url=https://facilities.duke.edu/sites/default/files/04%2040%2000_Duke%20Stone%20Assemblies.pdf |website=Duke Facilities |publisher=Duke University |access-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328142321/https://facilities.duke.edu/sites/default/files/04%2040%2000_Duke%20Stone%20Assemblies.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In recent years, high cost of quarrying the stone, and the irregular [[Knapping|knapped]] [[ashlar]] shapes with its associated high stonemasonry costs has led to the university establishing a mix of bricks to imitate the Duke stone colors.<ref name="Duke University" />

=== Recent construction ===
A number of construction projects in recent years include renovations to Duke Chapel, Wallace Wade Stadium (football) and Cameron Indoor Stadium (basketball).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ramkumar|first1=Amrith|title=Wallace Wade renovations on track as Cameron Indoor addition begins|url=http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2015/06/wallace-wade-renovations-track-cameron-indoor-addition-begins|access-date=August 11, 2016|work=[[The Chronicle (Duke University)|The Chronicle]]|date=June 15, 2015|archive-date=August 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811010830/http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2015/06/wallace-wade-renovations-track-cameron-indoor-addition-begins|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Cameron indoor.jpg|thumb|[[Cameron Indoor Stadium]]]]
In early 2014, the Nicholas School of the Environment opened a new home, Environmental Hall,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nicholas.duke.edu/about/environmenthall|title=Environment Hall – Nicholas School|access-date=August 11, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011131754/https://nicholas.duke.edu/about/environmenthall|archive-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> a five-story, glass-and-concrete building that incorporates the highest sustainable features and technologies, and meets or exceeds the criteria for LEED platinum certification. The School of Nursing in April 2014 opened a new {{cvt|45,000|sqft}} addition to the Christine Siegler Pearson Building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nursing.duke.edu/events/dedication-ceremony-new-wing-christine-siegler-pearson-building#sthash.xNOiQO8T.dpuf|title=Dedication Ceremony for the New Wing of the Christine Siegler Pearson Building|date=March 26, 2014|access-date=August 11, 2016|archive-date=October 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006011915/http://nursing.duke.edu/events/dedication-ceremony-new-wing-christine-siegler-pearson-building#sthash.xNOiQO8T.dpuf|url-status=live}}</ref> In summer 2014, a number of construction projects were completed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rubenstein Library Renovation|url=http://blogs.library.duke.edu/renovation/ |website=blogs.library.duke.edu|access-date=August 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706132116/http://blogs.library.duke.edu/renovation/ |archive-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> The project is part of the final phase of renovations to Duke's West Campus libraries that have transformed one of the university's oldest and most recognizable buildings into a state-of-the-art research facility. The David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library reopened in August 2015 after about $60 million in renovations to the sections of the building built in 1928 and 1948. The renovations include more space, technology upgrades and new exhibits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2015/08/renovated-rubenstein-library-ready-for-students|title=Renovated Rubenstein Library ready for students|access-date=July 6, 2017|archive-date=July 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708074610/http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2015/08/renovated-rubenstein-library-ready-for-students|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, construction projects included transforming buildings like Gross Hall and Baldwin Auditorium, plus new construction such as the Events Pavilion. About {{cvt|125,000|sqft}} was updated at Gross Hall, including new lighting and windows and a skylight.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://today.duke.edu/2013/08/campusconstructionupdate|title=Construction Highlights Duke's Summer|date=August 18, 2013 |access-date=August 11, 2016|archive-date=October 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011131345/https://today.duke.edu/2013/08/campusconstructionupdate|url-status=live}}</ref> Baldwin's upgrades include a larger stage, more efficient air conditioning for performers and audience and enhanced acoustics that will allow for the space to be "tuned" to each individual performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://today.duke.edu/2014/02/baldwinawards|title=New Awards for Historic Baldwin Auditorium|date=February 19, 2014 |access-date=August 11, 2016|archive-date=August 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810192729/https://today.duke.edu/2014/02/baldwinawards|url-status=live}}</ref> The {{cvt|25,000|sqft}} Events Pavilion opened to students in 2013 and serves as temporary dining space while the West Campus Union undergoes major renovations, expected to be completed in the spring of 2016.

From February 2001 to November 2005, Duke spent $835 million on 34 major construction projects as part of a five-year strategic plan, "Building on Excellence".<ref>Mueller, Jared. [http://dukechronicle.com/article/campus-reaps-benefits-facilities-boom Campus reaps benefits of facilities boom.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013201211/http://dukechronicle.com/article/campus-reaps-benefits-facilities-boom |date=October 13, 2011}} ''The Chronicle'', November 1, 2005. Retrieved January 12, 2011.</ref> Completed projects since 2002 include major additions to the business, law, nursing, and divinity schools, a new library, the [[Nasher Museum of Art]], a football training facility, two residential buildings, an engineering complex, a public policy building, an eye institute, two genetic research buildings, a student plaza, the [[Melinda French Gates|French Family]] Science Center, and two new medical-research buildings.<ref>Dagger, Jacob. [http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/030406/building1.html Stones, Bricks, and Mortar: Building for Success] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319172911/http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/030406/building1.html |date=March 19, 2012}}. ''Duke Magazine'', March–April 2006. Retrieved January 12, 2011.</ref>

=== Singapore and China ===
{{Main|Duke Kunshan University|Duke–NUS Medical School}}

In April 2005, Duke and the [[National University of Singapore]] signed a formal agreement under which the two institutions would partner to establish [[Duke–NUS Medical School|Duke-NUS Medical School]] in [[Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/about/duke-nus-story|website=duke-nus.edu.sg|title=Duke NUS Story|access-date=November 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119214530/https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/about/duke-nus-story|archive-date=November 19, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NUS">{{cite web|url=https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg|website=duke-nus.edu.sg|title=Duke NUS Medical School|access-date=November 20, 2018|archive-date=November 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101222748/https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/|url-status=live}}</ref> Duke-NUS is intended to complement the National University of Singapore's existing undergraduate medical school, and had its first entering class in 2007.<ref>[http://www.dukehealth.org/health_library/news/8510 Duke University Partners with National University of Singapore to Establish New Medical School] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928165553/http://www.dukehealth.org/health_library/news/8510|date=September 28, 2011}}. Duke Medicine News and Communications. Retrieved August 15, 2011.</ref> The curriculum is based on that of [[Duke University School of Medicine]]. Sixty percent of matriculates are from Singapore and 40% are from over 20 countries. The school is part of the National University of Singapore system, but distinct in that it is overseen by a governing board, including a Duke representative who has veto power over any academic decision made by the board.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/about/duke-nus-story|website=www.duke-nus.edu.sg|title=Duke NUS Story|access-date=November 20, 2018|archive-date=November 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119214530/https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/about/duke-nus-story|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NUS" />

In 2013, [[Duke Kunshan University]] (abbreviated "DKU"), a partnership between Duke University, [[Wuhan University]], and the city of Kunshan, was established in [[Kunshan]], China.<ref>{{cite web |title=Duke Kunshan |url=https://dukekunshan.edu.cn/en/about/dku-milestones |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119093536/https://dukekunshan.edu.cn/en/about/dku-milestones |archive-date=November 19, 2018 |access-date=November 20, 2018 |website=dukekunshan.edu}}</ref> The university runs Duke degree graduate programs and an undergraduate liberal arts college. Undergraduates are awarded degrees from both Duke Kunshan University and Duke University upon graduation and become members of Duke and DKU's alumni organizations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dukekunshan.edu.cn/en/about|title=About {{!}} Duke Kunshan University|website=dukekunshan.edu.cn|language=en|access-date=November 19, 2018|archive-date=November 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119132529/https://dukekunshan.edu.cn/en/about|url-status=live}}</ref> DKU conducted research projects on [[climate change]], health-care policy and [[tuberculosis]] prevention and control.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Oleniacz |first1=Laura |title=Duke Kunshan University campus in China nears opening |url=http://www.heraldsun.com/news/localnews/x1071194522/Duke-Kunshan-University-campus-in-China-nears-opening |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214013854/http://www.heraldsun.com/news/localnews/x1071194522/Duke-Kunshan-University-campus-in-China-nears-opening |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 14, 2015 |newspaper=[[The Herald-Sun (Durham, North Carolina)|The Herald-Sun]] |access-date=April 6, 2015 |date=August 8, 2014}}</ref>

{{Gallery
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| caption2 = The logo of Duke Kunshan University -->
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| The logo of the Duke-NUS Medical School
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| Academic Building of [[Duke Kunshan University]]
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