Editing Django Reinhardt (section)

=== Second World War ===
[[File:Django Reinhardt par le Studio Harcourt (1944).jpg|thumb|Reinhardt in 1944, photographed at [[Studio Harcourt]]]]
When [[World War II]] broke out, the original quintet was on tour in the United Kingdom. Reinhardt returned to Paris at once,<ref name=Delaunay />{{rp|98–99}} leaving his then girlfriend in the UK. Grappelli remained in the United Kingdom for the duration of the war. Reinhardt re-formed the quintet, with [[Hubert Rostaing]] on [[clarinet]] replacing Grappelli.<ref name="sharp" />

While he tried to continue with his music, war with the [[Nazis]] presented Reinhardt with a potentially catastrophic obstacle, as he was a Romani jazz musician. Beginning in 1933, all German Romani were barred from living in cities, herded into settlement camps, and [[Sterilization of Romani women|routinely sterilized]]. Romani men were required to wear a brown [[Gypsy ID triangle]] sewn at chest level on their clothing,<ref name=Dregni />{{rp|168}} similar to the pink triangle that homosexuals wore, and much like the yellow Star of David that Jews had to subsequently wear.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/94/80/f8/9480f8fce677026b4a66a2f4b8ab30a6.jpg|format=JPG|title=Jews wearing Star of David|website=S-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com|access-date=30 May 2017}}]</ref> During the war, Romani were systematically killed in [[concentration camps]].<ref name=Dregni />{{rp|169}} In France, they were used as slave labour on farms and in factories.<ref name=Dregni />{{rp|169}} During [[the Holocaust]] an estimated 600,000 to 1.5 million Romani throughout Europe were killed.<ref name=Dregni />{{rp|154}}

[[Hitler]] and [[Joseph Goebbels]] viewed jazz as un-German [[counterculture]].<ref name=Dregni />{{rp|154}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://65.media.tumblr.com/93b82b80ad9fe4bfb40ff6db6eef0608/tumblr_mtv5ys4Z3P1stxu8xo1_1280.jpg |format=JPG|title=Nazi poster illustrating the negative aspects of jazz|website=65.media.tumblr.com|access-date=30 May 2017}}</ref> Nonetheless, Goebbels stopped short of a complete ban on jazz, which now had many fans in Germany and elsewhere.<ref name=Dregni />{{rp|157}} Official policy towards jazz was much less strict in occupied France, according to author Andy Fry, with jazz music frequently played on both [[Radio France]], the official station of Vichy France, and [[Radio Paris]], which was controlled by the Germans. A new generation of French jazz enthusiasts, the [[Zazou]]s, had arisen and swollen the ranks of the Hot Club.<ref name=Dregni />{{rp|157}} In addition to the increased interest, many American musicians based in Paris during the thirties had returned to the US at the beginning of the war, leaving more work for French musicians. Reinhardt was the most famous jazz musician in Europe at the time, working steadily during the early war years and earning a great deal of money, yet always under threat.

Reinhardt expanded his musical horizons during this period. Using an early amplification system, he was able to work in more of a big-band format, in large ensembles with horn sections. He also experimented with classical composition, writing a Mass for the Gypsies and a symphony. Since he did not read music, Reinhardt worked with an assistant to notate what he was improvising. His modernist piece "Rythme Futur" was also intended to be acceptable to the Nazis.

{{quote box||align=right|width=25em|bgcolor = MistyRose|quote=In this ["Nuages"] graceful and eloquent melody, Django evoked the woes of the war that weighed on people's souls{{mdash}}and then transcended it all.|source=Biographer Michael Dregni<ref name=Illustrated />{{rp|93}}}}

In 1943, Reinhardt married his long-term partner Sophie "Naguine" Ziegler in [[Salbris]]. They had a son, [[Babik Reinhardt]], who became a respected guitarist.<ref name="sharp">{{cite web|last=Sharp|first=Fred|title=Babik Reinhardt|url=http://www.hotclub.co.uk/html/babik.html |publisher=The Django Reinhardt Swing Page|access-date=30 November 2011}}</ref>

At that time the tide of war turned against the Germans, with a considerable darkening of the situation in Paris. Severe rationing was in place, and members of Reinhardt's circle were being captured by the Nazis or joining the resistance.

Reinhardt's first attempt at escape from [[Occupied France]] led to capture. Fortunately for him, a jazz-loving German, [[Luftwaffe]] officer {{ill|Dietrich Schulz-Köhn|de}}, allowed him to return to Paris.<ref name="bbc">{{cite web|last=Kington|first=Miles|title=Playing a Dangerous Game: Django, Jazz and the Nazis|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/djangoreinhardt.shtml |publisher=BBC|access-date=30 November 2011}}</ref> Reinhardt made a second attempt a few days later, but was stopped in the middle of the night by Swiss border guards, who forced him to return to Paris again.<ref>Kater, Michael H. ''Different Drummers: Jazz in the Culture of Nazi Germany'', Oxford University Press (1992) p. 178</ref>

One of his tunes, 1940's "Nuages",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fq-t9TVbthc | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211111/Fq-t9TVbthc| archive-date=11 November 2021 | url-status=live|title=Django Reinhardt – Nuages – Paris, 13 December 1940 |via=YouTube |date=13 December 1940 |access-date=30 May 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> became an unofficial anthem in Paris to signify hope for liberation.<ref name=Illustrated />{{rp|93}} During a concert at the [[Salle Pleyel]], the popularity of the tune was such that the crowd made him replay it three times in a row.<ref name=Illustrated />{{rp|93}} The single sold over 100,000 copies.<ref name=Illustrated />{{rp|93}}