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===Planetary mapping=== [[image:PIA02040 Martian hemispheres by MOLA.jpg|upright=1.2|thumb|MOLA digital elevation model showing the two hemispheres of Mars. This image appeared on the cover of ''Science'' magazine in May 1999.]] A tool of increasing value in [[planetary science]] has been use of orbital altimetry used to make digital elevation map of planets. A primary tool for this is [[Lidar|laser altimetry]] but radar altimetry is also used.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Hargitai|first1=Henrik|title=Methods in Planetary Topographic Mapping: A Review|date=2019|work=Planetary Cartography and GIS|pages=147β174|editor-last=Hargitai|editor-first=Henrik|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-62849-3_6|isbn=978-3-319-62848-6|last2=Willner|first2=Konrad|last3=Buchroithner|first3=Manfred|series=Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography |s2cid=133855780}}</ref> Planetary digital elevation maps made using laser altimetry include the [[Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter]] (MOLA) mapping of Mars,<ref name=" Banerdt">Bruce Banerdt, [https://mars.nasa.gov/MPF/martianchronicle/martianchron3/marschro35.html Orbital Laser Altimeter], ''The Martian Chronicle, Volume 1'', No. 3, NASA. Retrieved 11 March 2019.</ref> the [[Lunar Orbital Laser Altimeter]] (LOLA)<ref>NASA, [https://lola.gsfc.nasa.gov LOLA]. Retrieved 11 March 2019.</ref> and Lunar Altimeter (LALT) mapping of the Moon, and the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) mapping of Mercury.<ref>John F. Cavanaugh, ''et al.,'' "[http://www-geodyn.mit.edu/cavanaugh.mla.ssr07.pdf The Mercury Laser Altimeter Instrument for the MESSENGER Mission]", ''Space Sci Rev'', DOI 10.1007/s11214-007-9273-4, 24 August 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2019.</ref> In planetary mapping, each planetary body has a unique reference surface.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Hargitai|first1=Henrik|title=Fundamental Frameworks in Planetary Mapping: A Review|date=2019|work=Planetary Cartography and GIS|pages=75β101|editor-last=Hargitai|editor-first=Henrik|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-62849-3_4|isbn=978-3-319-62848-6|last2=Willner|first2=Konrad|last3=Hare|first3=Trent|series=Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography |s2cid=133867607}}</ref> [[New Horizons|New Horizons']] Long Range Reconnaissance Imager used stereo photogrammetry to produce partial surface elevation maps of [[Pluto]] and [[486958 Arrokoth]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Astropedia - Pluto New Horizons LORRI - MVIC Global DEM 300m |url=https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/search/map/pluto_new_horizons_lorri_mvic_global_dem_300m |website=astrogeology.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schenk |first1=Paul |last2=Singer |first2=Kelsi |last3=Beyer |first3=Ross |last4=Beddingfield |first4=Chloe |last5=Robbins |first5=Stuart J. |last6=McKinnon |first6=William B. |last7=Lauer |first7=Tod R. |last8=Verbiscer |first8=Anne J. |last9=Keane |first9=James. T. |last10=Dhingra |first10=Rajani D. |last11=Moore |first11=Jeffrey |last12=Parker |first12=Joel W. |last13=Olkin |first13=Cathy |last14=Spencer |first14=John |last15=Weaver |first15=Hal |last16=Stern |first16=S. Alan |title=Origins of pits and troughs and degradation on a small primitive planetesimal in the Kuiper Belt: high-resolution topography of (486958) Arrokoth (aka 2014 MU69) from New Horizons |journal=Icarus |date=1 March 2021 |volume=356 |pages=113834 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113834 |issn=0019-1035}}</ref>
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