Editing Diesel fuel (section)

=== Petroleum diesel ===
[[File:essodiesel.jpg|thumb|right|A modern diesel dispenser]]

Petroleum diesel is the most common type of diesel fuel. It is produced by the [[fractional distillation]] of [[crude oil]] between {{cvt|200|and|350|C}} at [[atmospheric pressure]], resulting in a mixture of carbon chains that typically contain between 9 and 25 [[carbon]] [[atom]]s per [[molecule]].<ref>ITRC (Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council). 2014. Petroleum Vapor Intrusion: Fundamentals of Screening, Investigation, and Management. PVI-1. Washington, D.C.: Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Petroleum Vapor Intrusion Team. [http://www.itrcweb.org/PetroleumVI-Guidance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404221020/https://www.itrcweb.org/PetroleumVI-Guidance/|date=2020-04-04}}</ref>  This fraction is subjected to [[hydrodesulfurization]].

Usually such "straight-run" diesel is insufficient in supply and quality, so other sources of diesel fuels are blended in.  One major source of additional diesel fuel is obtained by cracking heavier fractions, using [[visbreaker|visbreaking]] and coking.  This technology converts less useful fractions but the product contains olefins ([[alkene]]s) which require [[hydrogenation]] to give the saturated hydrocarbons as desired.  Another refinery stream that contributes to diesel fuel is [[hydrocracking]].  Finally, [[kerosene]] is added to modify its viscosity.<ref name="Ullmann2">Werner Dabelstein, Arno Reglitzky, Andrea Schütze and Klaus Reders "Automotive Fuels" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a16_719.pub2}}</ref>