Editing Dendrite (section)

== Neurotransmitter Release ==
Dendrites release a multitude of neuroactive substances that are not confined to specific [[neurotransmitter]] class, signaling molecule, or brain area. Dendrites are seen releasing neurotransmitters such as dopamine, GABA and glutamate in a [[Retrograde signaling|retrograde]] fashion. In the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial peptide system, [[oxytocin]] and [[vasopressin]] (antidiuretic hormone or ADH), are notable neuropeptides that are released from the dendrites of [[Magnocellular neurosecretory cell|magnocellular neurosecretory cells]] (MCNs), allowing them to quickly enter the bloodstream. Paraventricular nuclei also release oxytocin and ADH from dendrites, allowing for the regulation of the anterior pituitary gland, as well as modulation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic changes in organs such as the heart and kidneys; this is done by Parvocellular neurosecretory and Parvocellular preautonomic neurons, respectively. In the [[Nigrostriatal pathway|nigrostriatal]] and [[Mesolimbic pathway|mesolimbic]] systems, [[dopamine]] is released from dendrites in midbrain dopamine neurons, influencing reward and emotion processing, as well as learning and memory. Loss of dopamine from in the nigrostriatal pathway affects neuronal activity from the [[basal ganglia]], therefore playing a role in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as [[Parkinson's disease|Parkinson's]]. Dendritic release of oxytocin, ADH and dopamine have been found to have both [[Autocrine signaling|autocrine]] and [[Paracrine signaling|paracrine]] effects on the neuron itself (and nearby glia), as well as on [[Afferent nerve fiber|afferent nerve]] terminals.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Ludwig |first1=Mike |title=Dendritic Release of Neurotransmitters |date=2016 |journal=Comprehensive Physiology |pages=235–252 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |language=en |doi=10.1002/cphy.c160007 |isbn=978-0-470-65071-4 |pmc=5381730 |pmid=28135005 |last2=Apps |first2=David |last3=Menzies |first3=John |last4=Patel |first4=Jyoti C. |last5=Rice |first5=Margaret E.|volume=7 |issue=1 }}</ref>