Editing Demographics of Ukraine (section)

== Famines and Migration ==

=== Demographic Impact of the Holodomor and World War II ===

The [[Holodomor|Ukrainian famines of the 1930s]] and the devastation of [[World War II]] created a demographic catastrophe for Ukraine. In 1933, life expectancy at birth dropped to as low as '''10 years for females''' and '''7 years for males'''. During '''1941–1944''', life expectancy plateaued around '''25 years for females''' and '''15 years for males'''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vallin |first1=Jacques |last2=Meslé |first2=France |last3=Adamets |first3=Serguei |last4=Pyrozhkov |first4=Serhii |year=2002 |title=A New Estimate of Ukrainian Population Losses During the Crises of the 1930s and 1940s |journal=[[Population Studies]] |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=249–264 |jstor=3092980 |doi=10.1080/00324720215934 |pmid=12553326|s2cid=21128795 }}</ref>

According to ''The Oxford Companion to World War II'', '''over 7 million Ukrainians'''—more than one-sixth of the pre-war population—were killed during the conflict.<ref>Ian Dear, Michael Richard Daniell Foot (2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qC0OgOHAHVkC The Oxford Companion to World War II]''. Oxford University Press. p. 909. {{ISBN|0-19-860446-7}}</ref>

=== Migration Trends in Independent Ukraine ===

Following Ukraine's independence, '''significant migration''' occurred:

* '''1991–1992''': Over '''1 million people''' moved into Ukraine, primarily from other former Soviet republics.  
* '''1991–2004''': A total of '''2.2 million''' immigrants arrived in Ukraine, with '''2 million''' of these coming from other former Soviet Union states.  
* Between '''1991 and 2004''', '''2.5 million''' emigrated from Ukraine, with '''1.9 million''' migrating to other former Soviet Union republics.<ref name=MigrationMalynovska>Malynovska, Olena (January 2006). [http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/caught-between-east-and-west-ukraine-struggles-its-migration-policy/ "Caught Between East and West, Ukraine Struggles with Its Migration Policy"]. National Institute for International Security Problems, Kyiv. Retrieved 3 July 2008.</ref>

As of '''2015''', immigrants made up an estimated '''11.4%''' of the total population of Ukraine, equating to '''4.8 million people'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates15.asp|title=United Nations Population Division |publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |language=EN|access-date=2019-06-07}}</ref>

=== Ukrainian Diaspora ===

In '''2006''', there were approximately '''1.2 million''' Canadians of Ukrainian descent,<ref>[http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 "Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818195955/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |date=18 August 2016 }}. ''Statistics Canada.''</ref> giving Canada the third-largest Ukrainian population worldwide, behind Ukraine and Russia. Significant Ukrainian diaspora communities also exist in '''Poland''', the '''United States''', '''Brazil''', '''Kazakhstan''', and '''Argentina'''.

=== Recent Migration Trends and Economic Impact ===

Since about '''2015''', a growing number of Ukrainians have worked in the '''European Union''', particularly in '''Poland'''. According to '''Eurostat''', '''662,000 Ukrainians''' received EU residence permits in '''2017''', with '''585,439''' of these residing in '''Poland'''.  

'''World Bank''' statistics from '''2019''' revealed that remittances sent back to Ukraine had approximately doubled from '''2015 to 2018''', making up about '''4% of Ukraine's GDP'''.<ref name=bl-20190220>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-02-20/eastern-europe-feeds-on-a-shrinking-ukraine |title=Eastern Europe Feeds on a Shrinking Ukraine |last=Bershidsky |first=Leonid |publisher=Bloomberg |date=20 February 2019 |access-date=24 June 2019}}</ref><ref name=wilsoncenter-20190514>{{cite web |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/losing-brains-and-brawn-outmigration-ukraine-0 |title=Losing Brains and Brawn: Outmigration from Ukraine |last=Kiryukhin |first=Denys |publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars |date=14 May 2019 |access-date=24 June 2019}}</ref>

Ukraine records only citizens who apply for '''foreign citizenship''', not those who seek '''foreign residency'''.<ref name=voxukraine-20180620>{{cite news |url=https://voxukraine.org/en/the-great-migration-no-one-in-ukraine-knows-how-many-of-our-compatriots-have-moved-abroad/ |title=The Great Migration: No One in Ukraine Knows How Many of Our Compatriots Have Moved Abroad |last=Tyshchuk |first=Tetyana |website=vox ukraine |date=20 June 2018 |access-date=24 June 2019}}</ref>

=== Migration during the Russian Invasion of Ukraine ===

With the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], approximately '''8 million''' people fled Ukraine during the ensuing '''Ukrainian refugee crisis''', Europe's largest refugee crisis since '''World War II'''. Most refugees sought asylum in '''Central Europe'''.